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Communication- signal pathways. Distinguish among types of cell-to-cell communication List the four classes of membrane receptors. Explain how receptors facilitate specific cellular responses
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Communication- signal pathways • Distinguish among types of cell-to-cell communication • List the four classes of membrane receptors. • Explain how receptors facilitate specific cellular responses • List and describe the components in specific 2nd messenger signal transduction pathways (see tables 6.1 and 6.2)
Autocrine Paracrine
Neurotransmitter Hormone
blood vessel The muscle around a blood vessel contracts & relaxes connective tissue This is regulated by: autocrines, paracrines (H+, CO2, etc) endocrines (ADH, ANP) neurotransmitters (NE,E) muscle epithelium
Four classes of membrane receptors: There are also intracellular (non-membrane-bound) receptors that typically act as transcription regulators.
G G-protein coupled receptor
Two main classes of 7 Trans-membrane domain, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) • GPCRs that modulate adenylate cyclase, which converts ATP to cAMP, which activates protein kinase A. • GPCRs that activate PLC leading to hydrolysis of polyphosphoinositides (e.g. PIP2) generating the second messengers, diacylglycerol (DAG) & inositoltrisphosphate (IP3). DAG activates protein kinase C. IP3 releases intracellular calcium stores.
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/neurotrans.html http://entochem.tamu.edu/Teaching/G-Protein/GProteinaudioMovie.html