Animal Studies

1. Animal Studies Invertebrates

2. All living things… • Use energy • Grow and develop • Have a life span • Adjust to the environment • Reproduce • Look like their parents • Respond to stimuli • Made of cells • Highly organized structure

3. Organizing Living Things • Eukarya • Animalia • Chordata • Mammalia • Primata • Hominidae • Homo • Sapien • Eukarya • Animalia • Chordata • Mammalia • Carnivora • Felidae • Pantera • Leo • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

4. 3 Domains of Life

5. Eukaryota Domain • 4 Kingdoms: • Protists • Fungi • Plants • Animal

6. What is your favorite animal?

7. Which of the following is not an animal? B A C D G F E J H I

8. What makes an organism an animal? • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophic • Multi-cellular • No cell walls

9. THE ANIMAL KINGDOM

10. The animal kingdom can be dividedinto 9 smaller groups. Each group is called a phylum.

11. Pay attention to… • Animal body plan • Embryo development • Symmetry • Tissue layers • Gas exchange • How does the animal get oxygen? • Food intake • How does the animal get its food?

12. Embryo development Egg and Sperm – sex cells Zygote – fertilized egg Blastula – hollow ball of cells Gastrula – beginning of digestive tract

13. Body Symmetry • Asymmetrical – no symmetry • Radial– infinite lines of symmetry • Bilateral – one line of symm. (2 equal halves)

15. First Question • Does the animal have true tissue? No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

16. PHYLUM: PORIFERASponges

17. Sponges are sessile(spend their adult lives attached to rocks)

18. Body Plan: • Porifera = “pore-bearer” • No true tissue • Asymmetrical • Gas Exchange • Ocean currents travel through pores providing dissolved oxygen to the sponge’s cells • Food intake • Currents also bring in bacteria and small food particles for the sponge

19. Water enters the small pores of a sponge, travels through canals, and exits through a large hole at the top of the sponge.

20. Sponge vocab • Osculum – large opening where water exits • Spongocoel – cavity in center of sponge • Choanocyte – cells with flagella to help current through the sponge

23. Sponge videos • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VC3tAtXdaik • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RmPTM965-1c • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7E1rq7zHLc

24. Second Question • Does the animal have bilateral symmetry? No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

25. Tissue layers

26. Tissue Layers • Endoderm – inner tissue layer • Ectoderm – outer tissue layer • Mesoderm – middle tissue layer

27. PHYLUM: CNIDARIAJellyfish, sea anemones, corals

28. Body Plan: • 2 cell layers (tissue) • Outer layer is protective • Inner layer is digestive • Radial Symmetry • Two body plans • Polyp – tentacles facing up • Medusa – tentacles hanging down

29. Tentacles with stinging cells • Cnidocytes – stinging cells • Nematocyst – capsule in Cnidocytes that holds a coiled barb and poison

30. Polyp (sea anemone) Medusa (jellyfish)

31. Gas Exchange • Similar to sponges, individual cells absorb their own oxygen • Food intake • Cnidarians catch prey in their tentacles • Food goes in space between the inner cell layer called the gastrovascular cavity • Enzymes break down food

32. Cnidarians also have a simple nervous system • Stimuli response and movement • Reproduction • Sponges may reproduce asexually by budding or fragmentation • They can also reproduce sexually by releasing sperm and eggs into the water

34. Coral reefs

35. Cnidaria Videos • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbpB5F9CcLc • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLmShVvnQWg • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOf2RRmSkgQ

36. Tissue Layers • Endoderm – inner tissue layer • Ectoderm – outer tissue layer • Mesoderm – middle tissue layer

37. Coelom – body cavity surrounded by mesoderm tissue • Acoelom – no body cavity • Pseudocoelom – body cavity not completely surrounded by mesoderm

38. Third question • Does the animal have a coelom? No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes

39. PHYLUM: PLATYHELMINTHESFlatworms

40. Acoelom

41. Body Plan: • True tissue (all three forms) • Bilateral symmetry • Start to see a “head” formation • No body cavity • Two types of flatworms: • Free-living (planaria) • Parasitic (tapeworms and flukes)

42. Flatworms are the first animals to have a head.

45. Gas Exchange • breathe by diffusion, so no cell can be too far from the outside, making a flattened shape necessary. • Food intake • Parasitic flatworms get nutrients from host organism • Free-living flatworms have a mouth “straw” that draws in food into a branched gastrovascular cavity

46. The worms in this phylum are all very thin and flat. parasitic liver fluke

47. Reproduction • Sexual repro. • male and female organisms come together • Asexual repro. • one organism has both male and female parts (hermaphrodite) • regeneration

48. Platyhelminthes Videos • http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=planaria • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXN_5SPBPtM • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZQ-dLBfCsU • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bb32g02IIs8

49. Fourth question • Does the animal have a true coelom? No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No

50. PHYLUM: NEMATODARoundworms