Emergency First Response

1. Emergency First Response

2. Objectives • Risk Assessment • ABCDE Protocol • Shock • Bleeding • Fractures • Others injuries

4. Risk Assessment • Different standards of medical care in developing countries • Chaos on the scene • Communication problems • Limited medical knowledge & equipment • Transport

5. SAFE S = Shout for help A = Approach with care F = Free from danger E = Evaluate ABC

6. EmergencyTransport In case of dangersafety (fireorflood) it is sometimesnecessary to move the patientbeforetreatment Methodes to use are: • Rautek grip • Alternatives

7. Approach Casualty • Look • Listen • Feel APPLICATION OF THE ABCDE PROTOCOL • A = Airway • B = Breathing • C = Circulation • D = Disability • E= Exposure

8. Airway and BreathingHead tilt Chin lift and Jaw trust Look Listen Feel 10 sec

9. Recovery Position • Normal breathing but unresponsive, put patient in recovery position • Check ABC every minute • Protect the patient from outside factors like cold and rain • Get help

10. Lifesaving Skills Bleeding • Arterial • Venous • Cappilair Shock • Signs and treatment

11. Three Types of Bleeding

12. Types of Bleeding Venous / Capillary Dark red blood Not pulsating Steady blood loss Action Apply pressure Bandage Arterial • Bright red blood • Pulsating • Rapid blood loss Rapid Action • Direct pressure • Pressure points • Tourniquet

13. Three Types of Bandages • No 1: 6 x 8 cm • No 2: 8 x 10 cm • No 3: 10 x 12 cm

14. Use of Bandage • Always inspect the wound • Remove nothing from the wound (knife-wood) • Push nothing back into the wound • Use the correct size of bandage • Keep dressings sterile • Bandage not too tight or too loose • Sometimes only to use as cover bandage (strange parts or bone parts)

15. Pressure Points • A pressure point is a place where an artery runs close to the skin and over a bone • The artery can be closed upon a bone • Most of the time direct pressure is enough • Collarbone • Groin • Upper arm

17. Tourniquet • In MASS CASUALTY situation, a tourniquet can be used to temporarily control the bleeding until the patient can be evaluated a short time later • Tourniquets are ties used to control bleeding, to completely stop the blood flow to a wound • Tourniquets only work on arm and leg injuries • Tourniquets are usually reserved for the worst bleeding to keep the victim from developing shock • Mark the time the tourniquet is placed

18. Shock Can Kill Signs of shock • Pale face • Cold, clammy skin • Fast, shallow breathing • Rapid, weak pulse • In extreme cases, unconsciousness Treatment • Lay down the patient, raise and support the legs • Keep the patient warm • Do not give the patient anything to eat or drink • Check ABCevery minute

19. Disability Keep in contact with the patient! A = Alert V = Verbal P = Pain U = Unresponsive

20. Fractures A fracture is a broken bone Signs and symptoms • Unusual position, swelling and pain • Inability to move the limb normally • In some cases an open wound

21. Treatment of Fractures • Immobilisation of the affected area is required • Keep the patient calm and support the injured area • In case of arm fracture a sling can be made to support and immobilise the affected area, which can be tied around the neck. Use a triangular bandage or cloth • Splints (any long firm object) can be used for support and immobilisation, but splinting to another part of the body is the best solution • In case of leg fracture both legs can be tied together • Open fracture: control the bleeding with sterile dressing and, if required, use pressure

23. Emergency First Response