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DoD Software Systems. DoD Software Systems. Characteristics of DoD S/W Development Evolution of DoD S/W Development Learning from the Commercial World Additional Technologies Approach and Implementation. Characteristics of DoD S/W Development. It’s a Government Acquisition
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DoD Software Systems • Characteristics of DoD S/W Development • Evolution of DoD S/W Development • Learning from the Commercial World • Additional Technologies • Approach and Implementation
Characteristics of DoD S/W Development • It’s a Government Acquisition • Competitive bidding, development specification part of RFP • Awarded to and, designed and implemented by civilian contractor(s) • Contractor has personnel requirements • Contractor has procurement and reporting rules • And adherence to DoD and military standards • RFP: Request for Proposal
Characteristics of DoD S/W Development • Approach and Implementation • Extensive planning • Long delivery schedule (IOC) • Process driven • Formal project management • Rigorous quality control • Oversight/formal reviews • Documentation intensive • Sequenced Activities • Defined by DoD or military standard • Interim design reviews • Verification activities • IOC: Initial Operating Capability
Characteristics of DoD S/W Development • In Most Cases it’s Requirements Driven • Requirements Can Get to be Volatile • Long delivery cycles means folks have time to think • Risk management activities are key to managing requirements • Development Requires Focus on Minimizing Volatility Risk
Military Flight Simulator Simultec Full Mission Simulator Depicted: Cockpit w/ Yoke, Throttle & Rudders Instrument Panel w/ Heads Up Display (HUD) and Multifunction Displays (MFDs) Instructor Operator Station (IOS)
It’s the Software That • Makes it all Work! Software Behind the Scenes …This is what the trainer looks like.
Evolution of DoD S/W Development • Moore’s Law Helps Explain the Advancement of Technology Which Benefits • Processing speed • Disk capacity • Memory capacity • Working with the Hardware • Initially programming the hardware required intimate knowledge of the target H/W • From machine code/assembly language • Towards independence from target H/W • And to the mature complier tools we use today • Moore’s Law: The number of components in an integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years.
Evolution of DoD S/W Development • Evolution of Languages • Languages used to develop DoD applications numbered over 400 • Different languages for different problems • Focus now is more of extensions to the more recent languages; C++ • Language Standardization/Extensions • Wrappers/Plug-ins • Math Libraries/Special Functions/Reuse • Reusable standards/components • Maintenance on Legacy Systems Still Biggest Cost; Fortran, Pascal, Jovial, Ada…
Evolution of DoD S/W Development • Process Models • Originally ads-hoc development • Adoption of disciplined approach introduce less defects, meaning less rework • SEI’s CMMI establishes levels of maturity • ISO 9001 establishes quality standards for software products • Variation of Approaches have Evolved • Waterfall • Evolutionary (incremental, spiral, agile…)
Evolution of DoD S/W Development • Moving Towards Adopting Commercial Practices • Tailor processes to developer’s best practices • Leverage on evolving and maturing development standards and methods • Application under development determines the approach • Development Methods have Evolved • Structured Analysis / Structured Design • Object Oriented • Agile • It’s iPhone vs Space Shuttle
Learning from the Commercial World • Development Flexibility • Agile vs disciplined balanced development approach • Tailored engineering work products • Reduced documentation • Testing approaches • Scaling is Key • Scope • Team • Time
Additional Technologies • Information Assurance / Cyber Security • Architectures • Maintenance • Configuration Management • Logistics
Architecture Models for Integrating S/W
Can’t Do It Without A Team • It’s a team effort that goes into the success of the software design/development • and • It’s the individual talent within the team that ensures the team’s success
Personnel/Team Capability Trumps All
References • Cook, David A., CrossTalk Journal of Defense Software Engineering, CrossTalk and Software – Past, Present and Future. • Hinchcliffe, Dion, Architectures, http:hinchcliffe.org. • Boehm, Barry, Software Engineering Economics. • Jones, Capers, CrossTalk Journal of Defense Software Engineering, Defense Software Development in Evolution. • Kennedy, Matthew, CrossTalk Journal of Defense Software Engineering, An Agile Systems Engineering Process. • Cook, David A., CrossTalk Journal of Defense Software Engineering, Evolutionary Trends in Programming Languages.