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Using Primary Sources to Teach Literacy. Colleen Reardon • Ben Freville School of Education – Dominican University. Mindwalk. Primary Source Documents. Actual records from a given period in time. photographs, videos, prints, art work. cookbooks. sheet music. fossils.
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Using Primary Sources to Teach Literacy Colleen Reardon • Ben FrevilleSchool of Education – Dominican University
PrimarySourceDocuments Actual records from a given period in time.
photographs, videos, prints, art work cookbooks sheet music fossils institutional documents Primary Sources furniture, toys, utensils literature diaries & journals bridges & monuments travel logs maps newspapers, advertisements
Treasure Hunt http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/educators/workshop/discover/treas.html
Science and Innovation Bell - Activity: Find a drawing of the first telephone. What date is on the drawing? http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/bellhtml/belltelph.html Wright - Activity: What newspaper exaggerated the facts about the first airplane flight? http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mcc:@field(DOCID+@lit(mcc/061))
Who said what? Conservation movement - Activity: What German biologist coined the word ecology in 1866? Look for a timeline. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amrvhtml/cnchron1.html African American Perspectives - Activity: Who said "The lesson of all ages is: that a wrong done to one man is a wrong done to all men?" To find the author of this quotation, click on search, then choose full text. Try typing different combinations of words like lesson of all ages. What happened? http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aap/aaphome.html
Documents Century of Lawmaking - Activity: What was the Congressional Globe? What is its importance in history? http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lawhome.html Theodore Roosevelt - Activity: What was contained in the letter that Theodore Roosevelt wrote to his young son? HINT: search by keyword: Theodore Roosevelt letters http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/mcchtml/corhome.html
They “recapture the spirit of the times.” L. Gottschalk (1950). They provide a window into the thinking of a particular time period. They can expose students to multiple perspectives on issues of the past and present. Why use primary sources?
The can foster skills in • synthesizing diverse materials, • thinking critically, • making inferences, • developing reasoned explanations, and interpretations, • strengthening vocabulary, • locating material from a variety of sources.
They help students recognize and appreciate what is special or unique about a particular time period. • They can foster in students the skills of a historian. Interview with Wallace Quarterman, Fort Frederica, St. Simons Island, Georgia (Gullah), June 1935
Provides one perspective. Tells a partial story. Time may not be allow for the examination and analysis of sufficient number of sources. May be lengthy and contain vocabulary that is foreign to students. Reading level of a document may be difficult for students at a given grade level. Limitations of Primary Source Documents
When selecting primary sources, consider… • Interests of students • Reading level • Length of source--excerpts? selections?) • Points of view--balanced? • Variety of sources—published, unpublished, text, visual, audio, etc. • Quality of sources
Happy BirthdayCinquain Today in History or Jump Back in Time
wintersnowy coldsledding, sliding, shiningcold windy blowing snowblustery First Snow of the Season, Foothills of Little Belt Mountain, MontanaRussell Lee, photographer, August 1942