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SWRI-OSHA Alliance. Signed February 20, 2003. Overall Goal. Provide members with info and guidance, especially on: Reducing and preventing exposure to: Lead Silica Confined space hazards Falls Staging requirements. Outreach & Communication .
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SWRI-OSHA Alliance Signed February 20, 2003
Overall Goal Provide members with info and guidance, especially on: • Reducing and preventing exposure to: • Lead • Silica • Confined space hazards • Falls • Staging requirements
Outreach & Communication • Reach out on those topics through conferences as well as print and electronic media • Promote and encourage members to utilize OSHA’s cooperative programs—VPP, Partnerships, Consultation—and also endorse mentoring among SWRI members
Promoting National Dialogue on Workplace Safety and Health In speeches and public appearances, SWRI and some of its members will raise others awareness of and demonstrate their own commitment to workplace safety and health
Accomplishments to date • Links between OSHA’s Web page on the SWRI Alliance to SWRI’s Web site • Five articles in Member Briefs • This presentation on confined space entry • Programs in development for 2004 Annual Meeting in Tucson
CONFINED SPACE“THE SILENT KILLER” Presented by Domenick Salvatore OSHA Compliance Assistance Specialist
Confined Space Entry Construction Industry Standard 1926.21(b)(6) General Industry Standard 1910.146 Best Practices for all Industries
Typical Confined Spaces • Boiler, Degreaser, Furnace • Pipeline, Pit, Pumping Station • Reaction or Process Vessel, Mills • Septic Tank, Sewage Digestor • Silo, Storage Tank, Barges • Sewer, Utility Vault, Manhole • Trenches, Shafts, Caissons
Criteria of a Confined Space • 1) Large enough to bodily enter and work • 2) Limited entry and exit • 3) Not designed for continuous human occupancy Roco Rescue
How many people die or get hurt seriously in confined space accidents? Prior to the OSHA Confined Space Standard: 63 Fatalities 5,931 Lost workday cases 6,951 Non-lost workday cases Roco Rescue
How many people die or get hurt seriously in confined space accidents? (Cont.) The numbers of deaths and injuries if the OSHA standard is followed: 9 Fatalities 890 Lost workday cases 1,043 Non-lost workday cases Roco Rescue
How many people die or get hurt seriously in confined space accidents? (Cont.) The numbers prevented by following the OSHA standard: 54 Fatalities 5,041 Lost workday cases 5,908 Non-lost workday cases Roco Rescue
Permit Required Con. Space • 1) Hazardous Atmosphere -Exists or has the potential to exist • 2) Engulfment Hazard -Water, sludge, grain, etc....… • (3) Entrapment Hazard -Hoppers, converging pipe, etc....... • 4) Any other Health or Safety Hazard -Fall, heat, trip, varmints, etc........
Categorizing Work Space * Space large enough to enter &; * Limited or Restricted entry or exit &; * Not designed for continuous worker occupancy. NO Not a confined Space YES Confined Space Permit- Required Confined Space Non Permit Required Space Hazardous Atmosphere Or Engulfment Hazard YES NO Or Configuration Hazard Or Any other recognized serious hazard
Hazards of Confined Spaces • Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres • Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres • Flammable Atmospheres • Toxic Atmospheres • Temperature Extremes • Engulfment Hazards • Noise, Slick/Wet Surfaces, Falling Objects
Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres 19.5 % Minimum acceptable oxygen level. 15 - 19% Decreased ability to work strenuously. Impair coordination. Early symptoms. 12-14% Respiration increases. Poor judgment. 10-12% Respiration increases. Lips blue. 8-10% Mental failure. Fainting. Nausea Unconsciousness. Vomiting. 6-8% 8 minutes - fatal, 6 minutes - 50% fatal 4-5 minutes - possible recovery. 4-6% Coma in 40 seconds. Death
Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres • Oxygen level above 21%. • Causes flammable and combustible materials to burn violently when ignited. • Hair, clothing, materials, etc. • Oil soaked clothing and materials. • Never use pure oxygen to ventilate. • Never store or place compressed tanks in a confined space.
Flammable Atmospheres • 2 Critical Factors: • Oxygen content in the air. • Presence of a flammable gas, or vapor • Presence of dust (visibility of 5’ or less) • Proper air/gas mixture can lead to explosion • Typical Ignition Sources: • Sparking or electric tool. • Welding / cutting operations. • Smoking
Toxic Atmospheres • Product stored in a confined space: • Gases released when cleaning. • Materials absorbed into walls of confined space. • Decomposition of materials in the confined space. • Work performed in a confined space: • Welding, cutting, brazing, soldering. • Painting, scraping, sanding, degreasing. • Sealing, bonding, melting. • Areas adjacent to a confined space.
Carbon Monoxide • Odorless, Colorless Gas. • Combustion By-Product. • Quickly collapse at high concentrations. • PPMEffectTime • 50 Permissible Exposure Level 8 Hours • 200 Slight headache, discomfort 3 Hours • 600 Headache, discomfort 1 Hour • 1000-2000 Confusion, nausea, headache 2 Hours • 1000-2000 Tendency to stagger 1 1/2 Hours • 1000-2000 Slight heart palpitation 30 Min. • 2000-2500 Unconsciousness 30 Min.
What emergency rescue options does the site have? • 1. Employers have three options under 29CFR 1910.146(k): • a. Utilize their own employees to enter confined spaces to perform rescue services. • b. Arrange to have an outside service perform confined space rescues. • c. Combination response. Roco Rescue
What emergency rescue options does the site have? • 1. Employers have three options under 29CFR 1910.146(k): • a. Utilize their own employees to enter confined spaces to perform rescue services. • b. Arrange to have an outside service perform confined space rescues. • c. Combination response. Roco Rescue
Rescue Available Appropriate (and Approximate!) Goals: Respond To CS Scene / 10 Minutes Reach The Victim(s) / 5-10 Minutes Later Case law update….10 minute response held to be not timely in a Nov. 1997 case! Roco Rescue
Evaluation Milestones • Rescue Stand-by establishes a GOAL of reaching the victim in 2-4 minutes. • Rescue Available establishes a GOAL of responding to the scene within 10 minutes and reaching the victim within 15 minutes. • Goals are to be strived for - not required…. they should serve as comparative milestones for judging team competency. Roco Rescue
Timely Response, Training,and Equipment • Rescue • Retrieval • Ventilation & Atmospheric Monitoring • Barriers • Access/Egress (ladders, etc...) • Lighting • Communication Roco Rescue
Standby / Rescue • Worker assigned to remain outside the confined space and be in constant contact with the workers inside. • Know emergency rescue procedures. • 50% of workers who die in confined spaces are would-be rescuers. • Trained in use of emergency rescue equipment and PPE.
Emergency response options • Because there is a need for quick response, on-site rescue teams are usually preferred. Roco Rescue
Definitions: • Emergency - any occurrence that could endanger entrants • Entry - any part of the body breaks the plane of the opening • Self-rescue - entrant evacuates the space without assistance Roco Rescue
Definitions Continued: • Hazardous atmosphere - any atmosphere that could hinder an entrant’s ability to self-rescue • Rescue service - personnel designated to perform rescue • Retrieval system - equipment used for non-entry rescue Roco Rescue
ACTUAL CASE STUDY • Employer was doing fire restoration work at a food processing facility • Employer sealed off an emergency lighting room to be cleaned for quality control. • High powered airless sprayer (2000psi) used to spray a solution of 92% freon and 8% isopropyl alcohol to clean electrical circuit boxes.
Confined Space Fatality/Catastrophe • 5 employees doing manual hand cleaning of equipment fell unconscious after complaining about feeling ill and being sent back into work area. Some sustained permanent impairment to vital organs. • 1 foreman using high powered airless sprayer never regained consciousness.
Contributing Factors • No evaluation of the work area by a Competent Person • No Confined Space entry program or procedures. • No appropriate PPE, respiratory protection • No engineering controls, forced mechanical ventilation. • No emergency rescue plan.