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1.4 The European Heritage

1.4 The European Heritage. The Judeo-Christian Tradition. Judaism About 1700 became the 1 st monotheistic religion Moses gave them the law Including, but not limited to, the Ten Commandments Even rulers had to obey God’s law This is the idea of Rule of Law.

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1.4 The European Heritage

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  1. 1.4 The European Heritage

  2. The Judeo-Christian Tradition • Judaism • About 1700 became the 1st monotheistic religion • Moses gave them the law • Including, but not limited to, the Ten Commandments • Even rulers had to obey God’s law • This is the idea of Rule of Law

  3. The Judeo-Christian Tradition • Christianity • 2000 years ago • Follows the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth • Believe Jesus is the Messiah and the Son of God • The 4 Gospels • Tell about the life and teachings of Jesus • The crowds that followed Him • The miracles He performed

  4. The Judeo-Christian Tradition • Christianity • His teachings emphasize love, mercy and forgiveness • All people have the chance for salvation • This appealed to the poor and oppressed who spread the Good News • The Romans viewed this as a threat, put Jesus to death and persecuted the early church • Eventually Christianity is made an official religion of the Roman Empire

  5. The Judeo-Christian Tradition • Greek & Roman Traditions • Judaism and Christianity shaped religious and moral ideas • Greek and Romans influenced political thinking

  6. The Judeo-Christian Tradition • Greek & Roman Traditions • Athenian Democracy • 400s BC democracy was born in ancient Athens, Greece • This was direct democracy • All free men could participate in politics • Who couldn’t participate? • Women, slaves, foreigners • Athenians believed education was important to democracy • If you were making laws and speeches you should know what you are doing

  7. The Judeo-Christian Tradition • Greek & Roman Traditions • Roman Government and Law • Rome was just beginning when Greece was a democracy • Rome overthrew a king and set up a republic • People choose others to represent them • Rome had the Senate which made their laws

  8. The Judeo-Christian Tradition • Greek & Roman Traditions • Roman Government and Law • Rome had written visible laws (The Twelve _________) • Included people rights • Everyone was equal under the law • Innocent until proven guilty • These are ideas we still value in the US • Eventually Rome turns into a dictatorship under Octavian (Augstus)

  9. The Judeo-Christian Tradition • New Horizons • Rome falls to invaders and much of Europe descends into what is called the dark or Middle Ages • In the Middle Ages the feudal system developed • The ruler gives land to lords and the lords agree to support the ruler in battle • The more men you could bring to battle the more land the king gave you • The Church was very powerful during this time • Daily life centered around church rituals • It was also the center for learning

  10. The Judeo-Christian Tradition • New Horizons • The Crusades • In 1095 Pope Urban II called for the 1st of 9 crusades • They were called to take back the Holy Land from the Muslims • This includes Jerusalem and the area where Jesus taught • This area has seen very little peace throughout history • Were unsuccessful in permanently taking the Holy Land

  11. The Judeo-Christian Tradition • New Horizons • The Crusades • Results • More contact with Muslims • Saw the riches of the region • Learned new technology • Spread CULTURE • Inspired Euros to look to overseas trade

  12. The Judeo-Christian Tradition • New Horizons • The Renaissance • “rebirth” • Learning • Art • Science • Inventions • Most important – printing press (after the Chinese) • Large nation-states

  13. The Judeo-Christian Tradition • New Horizons • The Reformation • Most of Europe had been Catholic since the Roman Empire • Some people were getting upset with some practices of the Church • Martin Luther • Demanded the church reform • Published (printing press!)his 95 Theses • He and a few other leaders became known as protestants

  14. The Judeo-Christian Tradition • New Horizons • The Reformation • protested against the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church • Many wars broke out over this (sort of) • The Church began a counter reformation • Rebuilding the Church from the inside • The Jesuits were part of the counter reformation

  15. The Judeo-Christian Tradition • An Age of Exploration Begins • All of this set the stage for a new era • Henry the Navigator • King of Portugal’s brother • Used navigation and trade to increase Portuguese power • & spread Christianity • Set up a navigation “university” in Sagres and invited: • Mathematicians • Sea captains • Geographers (for map making)

  16. The Judeo-Christian Tradition • An Age of Exploration Begins • All of this set the stage for a new era • Henry the Navigator • Taught sailors new techniques • Astrolab • Magnetic compass • Invented a new ship

  17. The Judeo-Christian Tradition • An Age of Exploration Begins • All of this set the stage for a new era • Portuguese sailors started sailing south along Africa • Vasco da Gama made it passed the southern tip of Africa (1498) • Went on to India • Later Portuguese sailors went to the East Indies

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