Alberto Castro albertostro.fernandez@tuwien.ac.at

1. OBIS Optimising Bike sharing in European citieswww.obisproject.comVienna University of Technology Institute of TransportationResearch Center of Transport Planning and Traffic engineeringwww.ivv.tuwien.ac.at Alberto Castro alberto.castro.fernandez@tuwien.ac.at Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

2. Bike sharing Definition Evolution Existing EU-projects EU-Project OBIS Partners Objectives & outputs Transferability study Key questions Sample Opening hours Technology Service throughout the year Monthly demand Bicycles per 10,000 Annual rents per bicycle Obstacles Content Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

3. A B A. Bike sharing. Definition Bicycle rental system which allows (without additional charge) to take a bicycle in one point and to return it in a different one, where the bicycle can be rented by another user. Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

4. A. Bike sharing. Evolution 1st generation: White bikes, Amsterdam Image: http://umebike.wordpress.com • 1st generation, 60s • No registration & no fare • 2nd generation, 90s • No registration but deposit • 3rd generation, XXI century • Registration & fare • First scheme: Rennes,1998 • First large scale scheme: Lyon, 2005 • Biggest scheme: Paris, 2007 (>20,000 bikes) Nowadays about 300 European cities are provided with bike sharing schemes (BSS) 2nd generation: Bycyclen, Copenhagen Image: http://umebike.wordpress.com 3rd generation: Citybike Wien Image: Alberto Castro Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

5. A. Bike sharing. Existing EU-projects Part of a Working Group • NICHES (2004-2007) New and Innovative Concepts for Helping European transport Sustainability Own Working Group • SPICYCLES (2006-2009) Sustainable Planning & Innovation for biCYCLES Own Project • OBIS (2008-2011) Optimising Bike Sharing in European Cities Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

6. Public authorities City of Berlin (DE) City of Barcelona (ES) PT operators DB Rent (DE) Transport for London (UK) Private companies Choice (DE) Altran DSD (ES) EFFIA (FR) Car Sharing Italia (IT) CDV (CZ) Research centres Vienna University of Technology (AT) Royal Institute of Technology (SE) CETE Lyon (FR) B. OBIS project. Partners 15 Institutions from 9 countries Associations • CTC (UK) • Pomeranian Association „Common Europe“ (PL) • Ökoinstitut Südtirol (IT) Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

7. Objectives Good practices Success factors Limits of market potential Optimized strategies Outputs Work Package (WP) 2: Collection of data (finished) 10 Country reports European transferability fact sheet WP 3: Identification of key attributes (in progress) WP 4: Practical cases. Evaluation and optimization of 9 BSS (in progress) WP 5: Manual and recommendations B.OBIS project. Objectives & outputs Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

8. C. Transferability study. Key questions • There is a wide variety of BSS models • Might be successful to transfer a BSS from a city, like Barcelona, to another, like a small town in Sweden? • Different city-size • Different climate • … Different cities require different models Image: Alberto Castro Image: Alberto Castro Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

9. C. Transferability study. Key questions For a given city… • What are the most convenient opening hours of a BSS? • What is the most convenient technology at the BSS station? • Which period of availability is the most convenient? • In which season will the BSS manage a peak of demand? • How long should be the rental period free of charge? • How many bicycles may be necessary? • How many yearly rents can be expected? • Which obstacles may arise when implementing a BSS? Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

10. C. Transferability study. Sample • 51 BSS were studied • 10 countries • The BSS were sorted by city-size • Large cities: >500,000 inhabitants • Medium cities: 500,000-100,000 inhab. • Small cities: <100,000 inhabitans Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

11. C. Transferability study. Opening hours • The larger the city, the wider the opening hours of the BSS • Reason: • Technology at the station 1. What are the most convenient opening hours of the BSS? Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

12. C. Transferability study. Technology • The larger the city, the higher the technology at the BSS station • Reasons: • High-tech BSS are costly and smaller cities have limited budget • Lower technology access is provided in smaller cities 2. What is the most convenient technology for the BSS station? Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

13. C. Transferability study. Service throughout the year • The warmer the city, the wider the availability throughout the year • Reason: • Low demand during winter 3. What is the most convenient period of availability? Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

14. C. Transferability study. Monthly demand 4. In which season will the BSS manage a peak of demand? • Cold cities (<11°C) • Wide range of demand • Peak in summer • Very low demand in winter • Warm cities (>11°C) • Relative constant demand • High demand in spring and autumn Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

15. C. Transferability study. Period free of charge • The larger the city, the higher the share of BSS with 30 minutes free of charge • The smaller the city, the higher the share of BSS with unlimited free rental • Reason: • Rental periods without charge encourage use 5. How long should be the rental period free of charge? Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

16. C. Transferability study. Bicycles per 10,000 inhab. • Wide rage of values within each city-size • Similar average in all city-sizes 6. How many bicycles may be necessary? Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

17. C. Transferability study. Annual rents per bicycle • Wide range of values within each city-size • The larger the city, the higher the number of rents per bicycle • Reasons: • High population density High PT usage 7. How many yearly rents can be expected? Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

18. C. Transferability study. Obstacles 8. Which obstacles may arise when implementing the BSS? Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

19. C. Transferability study. Obstacles 8. Which obstacles might arise when implementing the BSS? Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson

20. Thank you very much for your attention Alberto Castro alberto.castro.fernandez@tuwien.ac.at The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson