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PC Technology

PC Technology. PC Technology Binary System. Hardware Used for Input and Output. Ports - Physical sockets that allow peripheral devices to be connected Personal System - PS/2 Video Graphics Adapter - VGA Universal Serial Bus - USB Input devices Keyboard Mouse Scanner Output devices

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PC Technology

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  1. PC Technology

  2. PC TechnologyBinary System

  3. Hardware Used for Input and Output • Ports - Physical sockets that allow peripheral devices to be connected • Personal System - PS/2 • Video Graphics Adapter - VGA • Universal Serial Bus - USB • Input devices • Keyboard • Mouse • Scanner • Output devices • Monitor • Printer

  4. Ports Location

  5. Cable Assignment

  6. What’s Inside • System board • Storage Devices • Floppy drive • Hard drive • CD / DVD ROM drive • RAM • Power supply • Circuit boards • CMOS (most CPUs) • TTL • Peripheral / Power Cables

  7. Hardware Inside the Computer Case

  8. Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Chip • Requires less power • Holds data after electricity is turned off • Generates less heat

  9. System Board • Largest component of the computer • Accommodates the CPU • Better known as Motherboard

  10. System Board

  11. Components used for Processing • CPU or microprocessor • Executes most computer processes • Chipset • Relieves CPU of some processing • Provides queuing of activities to increase overall performance

  12. Major Components of System Boards • Processing • CPU • Chipset that supports CPU by controlling system board activities • Temporary storage • Random Access Memory - RAM • Cache memory

  13. Central Processing Unit

  14. Central Processing Unit Current Processors

  15. Temporary / Primary Storage Devices • Used by the CPU to process data and instructions • Provided by RAM - Random Access Memory • SIMM (single inline memory modules) • DIMM (dual inline memory modules) • Cache memory

  16. SIMM and DIMM

  17. Cache Memory

  18. Cache Memory • New CPUs • Stored inside CPU housing on a memory chip that sits close to the CPU microchip • Older CPUs • Stored on the system board either in individual chips or on memory modules called COAST (cache on a stick)

  19. Types of Cache • L1 cache - Memory accesses at full microprocessor speed (10 nanoseconds, 4 kilobytes to 16 kilobytes in size) • L2 cache - Memory access of type SRAM (around 20 to 30 nanoseconds, 128 kilobytes to 512 kilobytes in size) • Main memory - Memory access of type RAM (around 60 nanoseconds, 32 megabytes to 128 megabytes in size) • Hard disk - Mechanical, slow (around 12 milliseconds, 1 gigabyte to 10 gigabytes in size) • Internet - Incredibly slow (between 1 second and 3 days, unlimited size)

  20. Permanent (Secondary) Storage Devices • Remote to the system • Permanently holds data • Common devices • Hard disk • Floppy disk • Flash drive • CD / DVD ROM drive

  21. System Board Components Used in Communicating Among Devices • Bus • System clock • Expansion slots • Industry Standard Architecture (ISA): Used by older and / or slower devices • Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI): Used for high-speed input / output devices • Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP): Used for video • PCI Express (PCIe) – Provides a higher bandwidth for peripherals

  22. System Clock

  23. Expansion Slots

  24. Expansion Slots

  25. Interface (Expansion) Cards • Circuit boards inserted into a slot on the system board to enhance capability of the computer • Common types • Video card • Network Interface Card - NIC • Internal modem • Multi-media card • Firewire

  26. Peripherals Video Card

  27. PeripheralsAudio Card

  28. PeripheralsInternal Modem

  29. Power System • Power supply • Supplies power to the system board and other installed devices • Provides 3.3, 5, and 12 volts DC

  30. Electrical System

  31. Electrical System

  32. Instructions and Data Stored on System Board • ROM chips • Contain permanent programming code • Sometimes called BIOS chips • CMOS configuration chips • Hold configuration or setup information • Jumpers or DIP switches • Hold configuration information

  33. ROM BIOS

  34. CMOS Setup Chip

  35. Jumpers

  36. Types of Software • Firmware (BIOS) • Controls computer’s input / output functions • Operating system (OS) • Provide instructions to hardware to perform tasks • Applications • User end programs

  37. Firmware / BIOS • Provides initial instructions to hardware • Serves as interface to hardware and higher-level software

  38. Interaction of BIOS and OS

  39. North / South Bus Interface

  40. Local Area Network LAN

  41. Local Area Network • Upon completion of this module, you will be able to perform task related to: • Basic LAN devices. • Basic network topologies. • Evolution of network devices. • Most common media. • Cable specification and termination. • Process of cable wiring and testing. • Building of LANs.

  42. LAN: Physical Topologies

  43. LAN: Physical Topologies

  44. LAN: Devices in a Topology

  45. LAN Devices: Network Interface Card (NIC) Side View

  46. LAN Devices: NIC Rear View

  47. LAN Devices: NIC Layer 2 Device

  48. LAN Devices: Media

  49. LAN Devices: Repeaters • Two common internetworking problems are too many nodes, or not enough cables. If either of these problems exists, a repeater provides simple solution

  50. LAN Devices: Repeaters

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