Basic of UNIX

1. Basic of UNIX For fresh members of SPARCS eungkyu@sparcs

2. What is UNIX? • AT&T’s UNIX • Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie • BSD and System V Release • Solaris, AIX, IRIX, HP-UX, FreeBSD, … • Linux

3. Features of UNIX • Multi-user, Multitasking • Written in C – portability • Simple and elegant • Very good at networking server

4. Basic Commands of UNIX • Please help me!!! • Using file system • Permissions • Compression and archiving • Displaying system information

5. Basic Commands of UNIX – cont. • Searching and find • Job control • Redirection and pipe • Various utilities • Using network

6. Please help me!!! • man – to see on-line reference manual • $ man man • $ man ls • info – for reading documentation (GNU) • $ info info • $ info ls • -h, --help option

7. Using file system • All in UNIX is file • Tree structure • ls – listing directory contents • $ ls -al • cp, mv – copying, moving files • $ cp file1 file2 • $ mv file1 file2 directory

8. Using file system – cont. • rm – removing files • $ rm file1 file2 • $ rm -rf directory • mkdir, rmdir, cd– making, removing, changing directory • $ mkdir directory; cd directory • $ cd ..; rmdirdirectory • pwd – printing working directory

9. Permissions • UNIX is multi-user system • user, group, other • rwxrwxrwx – 777 • chmod – changing file access permissions • $ chmod 644 file1 file2 • $ chmod go-rw file3 • chown, chgrp (for superuser)– changing user, group ownership

10. Compression and archiving • gzip, bzip2 – compress or expand files • $ gzip file1 file2 • $ bzip2 -d *.bz2 • tar – archiving files • $ tar cvf files.tar file1 file2 • $ bzip2 files.tar • $ tar xzvf directory.tar.gz directory • $ tar xjvf directory.tar.bz2 directory

11. Displaying system information • du, df – displaying usage of space • w, who – show who is logged in • finger – lookup user information • whoami – who am I • id – printing real eUID and GID

12. Searching and find • which, whereis, type– simple searching utilities • find – finding files • $ find directory [expression] … • $ find / -name hanterm • $ find . -name “*~” -exec rm -f {} \; • $ man find

13. Redirection and pipe • $ command > file • $ command < file • $ command1 | command2 • Ask details to netj

14. Various functions • kill – sending signal to process • ps – printing process status • cat – to see file (?) • more, less – paging text file to see • grep, egrep – print line matching pattern • $ grep pattern [file] …

15. Various functions • head, tail – see head, tail of files • cut, sort – cut or sort text file • write – send message to other user • Mail alias • Xmanager – required

16. Using network • telnet – telnet client • mutt, pine – Mail User Agent • ftp, ncftp – ftp client • wget - a utility to retrieve files • lynx, w3mmee – text web browser • talk

17. For C/C++ programming • Use ‘:set cindent’ in vim • gcc, g++ - C/C++ compiler • $ gcc -o target1 source1.c source2.c … • $ g++ -o target2 source1.cc source2.cc … • make– very good program using Makefile

18. Simple example of Makefile