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Genetics

Genetics. Gregor Mendel. Researched heredity The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring Found characteristics with 2 opposite traits Height ( tall or short ) Seed Color ( green or yellow ) Flower color ( purple or white ). Dominant & Recessive.

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Genetics

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  1. Genetics

  2. Gregor Mendel • Researched heredity • The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring • Found characteristics with 2 opposite traits • Height (tall or short) • Seed Color (green or yellow) • Flower color (purple or white)

  3. Dominant & Recessive • Green peas (X) Yellow peas • F1 Generation were only Green • F2 Generation had Green & Yellow peas • One characteristic or FACTOR was suppressing the other • This factor is DOMINANT • The suppressed factor is RECESSIVE • It is not seen when paired with the dominant factor

  4. Law of Segregation • A pair of factors is segregated, or separated, during the formation of gametes. • Remember from meiosis that reproductive cells are haploid – they only have 1 factor

  5. Law of Independent Assortment • Factors for different characteristics are distributed to gametes individually • So if we have two different characteristics, one will not affect another

  6. Independent Assortment - NOW • This only applies if the genes are far apart from each other, or if they are on different chromosomes

  7. Alleles • We call these “factors” ALLELES • Letters are used to represent alleles • Uppercase letters are DOMINANT • Lowercase letter are RECESSIVE

  8. Genotype • The genetic make-up of an organism • It’s alleles

  9. Phenotype • The physical appearance of an organism • Is a result of the genotype

  10. Homozygous • When both alleles in a pair are the same • RR = homozygous dominant • rr = homozygous recessive

  11. Heterozygous • Have one of each allele, so the alleles are different • Rr or Aa

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