MLA REFERENCING AND CITATIONS POWERPOINT GUIDE

1. MLA REFERENCING AND CITATIONS POWERPOINT GUIDE

2. MLA Referencing and Citations • You need to use referencing and citations when: • 1 – You use a quotation • 2 – You use an idea that is not your own • 3 – When you use a statistic

3. MLA Referencing and Citations • You do not need to reference and cite: • 1 – General knowledge (ie. The Declaration of Independence was written in 1776) • 2 – Common ideas that can be found in more than three well known books (ie. Plato is a rationalist)

4. MLA Referencing and Citations • There are different manners in which to reference and cite. • Three of the most common are: - MLA Style - Chicago Style - APA Style MLA and Chicago are usually used for the humanities (history, philosophy) APA is usually used for the sciences This guide covers MLA

5. MLA Referencing and Citations • When you use a quotation, idea or statistic that is not your own you need to: • Place the author’s name and the page number, from where you found the information, in brackets directly following the quotation, idea or statistic. • List the book in the bibliography/works cited list.

6. MLA In-Text Citations • In-Text citations should appear in brackets directly after the sentence that contains the information that needs to be referenced. • Quotations should appear in-text if under 25 words and should be indented, single spaced and separated by a blank line if over 25 words.

7. MLA In-Text Citations There is clear indication that Plato does not believe his society could actually exist: Do you suppose that what we say is any less good on account of our not being able to prove that it is possible to found a city the same as the one in speech. (Plato 472) This demonstrates that the society introduced in The Republic is a philosophic exercise as opposed to an actual plan.

8. MLA In-Text Citations It was the Sophist’s notion of moral relativity that inspired Socrates. Protagoras’ declaration that, “Man is the measure of all things” displayed a lack of understanding, or caring, for any higher truths. (Gaarder 62) Thus, Socrates, had to teach the Athenians that there were matters more important than the individual, and that a universal ethics existed.

9. MLA In-Text Citations Although Jefferson displayed progressive ideas, he would not release his slaves. The reason was a practical one, money. (Johnson 336) Jefferson was constantly in debt, mostly to London banking houses.

10. MLA In-Text Citations In the years 1997 – 1999 Nike spent 85% of their operating budget on advertisement as opposed to 10% of their budget on wages and salaries. (Klein 76) This statistic illuminates how care for brands has become more important than care for people.

11. MLA Bibliography or Works Cited List • Information in in-text citations must correspond to information in the bibliography or works cited list. • A teacher must be able to link an in-text citation to the work in the bibliography or works cited list. • A bibliography or works cited list should appear at the end of an essay, with an underlined title. • Works in the bibliography or works cited list must be compiled alphabetically, by author, and if no author, then by title. • All in-text citations must have a corresponding reference in the bibliography or works cited list.

12. MLA Bibliography or Works Cited List • Book with one author: Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs and Steel. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1997.

13. MLA Bibliography or Works Cited List • Book with two authors: Johnson, Paul and Anthony, James. A History of the Jewish People. New York: Harper and Collins, 1991.

14. MLA Bibliography or Works Cited List • Book with three authors or more: Jackson, Steven, et al. The New America. Boston: Harvard University Press, 1983.

15. MLA Bibliography or Works Cited List • Book with an author (translated): Plato. The Republic of Plato. Trans. Allan Bloom. The United States: Basic Books, 1968.

16. MLA Bibliography or Works Cited List • An edition of a book: Crowley, Sharon. Ancient History for Modern Students. 3rd ed. New York: Pearson and Longman, 2006.

17. MLA Bibliography or Works Cited List • A work prepared by an editor: Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Ed. Margaret Smith. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

18. MLA Bibliography or Works Cited List • An essay or chapter from a book: Klein, Naomi. “The Anti-Globalization Movement.” Globalization in Focus. Ed. Michael Lewis. Toronto: McGraw Hill, 2002.

19. MLA Bibliography or Works Cited List • Article from a magazine: Buchanan, Phillip. “Censorship: A Modern Necessity.” Time. December 2005: p. 24 – 27

20. MLA Bibliography or Works Cited List • Article from a newspaper: Bielski, Zosia. “The Homeless in Toronto.” The National Post. 24 May 2004. E4.

21. MLA Bibliography or Works Cited List • Article from a newspaper taken off the web: Stolley, Karl. “Grits Not Tough Enough.” The Toronto Star. 10 May 2006. <http://thetorontostar.ca/gritsnot/may/politics/nes>

22. MLA Bibliography or Works Cited List • Article from a website: Mayer, Mason. “Hannah Arendt.” The Internet Encyclopaedia of Philosophy. 4 May 2002. The University of Tennessee. 30 November 2008. <http://iep.utm.edu/arendt>

23. MLA Bibliography or Works Cited List • Webpage with no author: “Statistics Canada: Ontario.” Statistics Canada. 10 June 2005. Government of Canada. 12 September 2008. <http://gov.stat.ca/ontario/pop/eth>

24. MLA Bibliography or Works Cited List • Film or movie: Tarantino, Quinton. Pulp Fiction. 1994. Twentieth Century Fox.

25. MLA Bibliography or Works Cited List • Television Show or Radio Broadcast: “They Saved Lisa’s Brain.” The Simpsons. Twentieth Century Fox. 1999.