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Blood Supply

Blood Supply. Human Neurobiology ANHB 2217 Avinash Bharadwaj Semester 1, 2006 Week 2. Blood Vessels of CNS. Nervous tissue – high metabolic needs One-fiftieth of body weight One-sixth of circulating blood volume One-fifth of oxygen consumption Extreme sensitivity to reduction or loss

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Blood Supply

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  1. Blood Supply Human Neurobiology ANHB 2217 Avinash Bharadwaj Semester 1, 2006 Week 2

  2. Blood Vessels of CNS • Nervous tissue – high metabolic needs • One-fiftieth of body weight • One-sixth of circulating blood volume • One-fifth of oxygen consumption • Extreme sensitivity to reduction or loss • Seconds and minutes…! • The nature of arteries to the brain • Thin walls • Susceptibility to vascular diseases

  3. Cerebrovascular Disease • Narrowing of arteries (Stenosis) • Blocks in arteries • “Plaques” and thrombi • Emboli • Rupture • Weak wall / High Pressure • Aneurysm

  4. Cerebrovascular Disease • “Atheromatous change” • Rough surface – clotting of blood (thrombosis) • Clot or other matter coming in from elsewhere – embolus • Blood clots dislodged from other parts • Fat from fractures

  5. Blocks and Bleeds • Blockage of an artery • Transient or total • End arteries – no collateral circulation • “Infarct” • Bleeding (Haemorrhage) • Damage can be extensive • Bleeding outside the brain but within cranial cavity… pressure • Strokes and transient ischaemic attacks 1 3 2

  6. Main Arterial Channels Vertebral (“Vertebro- basilar”) Internal carotid

  7. Arterial Cast Vertebral (“Vertebro-basilar”) Internal carotid

  8. Arterial Circle (of Willis) ACA ICA MCA Cortical and central branches PCA Basilar SCA AICA Vertebral PICA Be careful with abbreviations!

  9. The Arterial Circle • Can compensate for slow blockage • Can equalise pressure • Variable pattern • Compensation is not reliable!

  10. Arteries – Courses ACA PCA MCA

  11. Cerebral Arteries Branches of middle cerebral artery Anterior cerebral artery and its branches Branches of posterior cerebral artery

  12. Arterial Territories ACA ACA MCA PCA PCA MCA Superolateral surface Medial surface Think in terms of lobes and (later), functional areas Localisation an important part of diagnosis.

  13. AM AL PM PL Cortical and Central… • Cortical • Longer, spread over the surface • Central • Short, slender • Groups Anterior and posterior (medial + lateral in each group) • “Perforated substance” • Supply deeper structures including basal nuclei, diencephalon, internal capsule and even midbrain

  14. Brainstem and Cerebellum • Vertebrobasilar system • “Cerebellar” arteries • Supply cerebellum and parts of brainstem • Two inferior (“PICA” and “AICA) • One superior • Medullary, pontine and mesencephalic branches

  15. Spinal Arteries • Begin from the vertebral • Anterior spinal artery (2  1) • Posterior spinal arteries • Reinforced by segmental arteries Last slide!

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