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Neck Region

Neck Region. PA 544 Clinical Anatomy. Anterior Surface. Triangles at Surface. Hyoid. C3 level Suprahyoid muscles Infrahyoid muscles. Vertebral Column. Intervertebral disc. Vertebra Parts. C1 & C2. Cervical Vertebra. Typical Cervical Vertebra. Spinal Cord.

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Neck Region

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  1. Neck Region PA 544 Clinical Anatomy

  2. Anterior Surface

  3. Triangles at Surface

  4. Hyoid • C3 level • Suprahyoid muscles • Infrahyoid muscles

  5. Vertebral Column

  6. Intervertebral disc

  7. VertebraParts

  8. C1 & C2

  9. Cervical Vertebra

  10. Typical Cervical Vertebra

  11. Spinal Cord • Receives and generates signals to body through the spinal nerves

  12. Cord in Spinal Canal Posterior Median Sulcus Posterior Root Denticulate Ligament Dorsal Root Ganglion Anterior Root Spinal Nerve

  13. Spinal Cord (X.S.)

  14. Spinal Nerve Anatomy

  15. Functional Arrangement of SC Ascending and descending pathways

  16. Ascending Pathways

  17. Descending Pathways

  18. Cervical Plexus Serves neck and diaphragm

  19. Brachial Plexus and pectoral nerves

  20. Brachial Plexus Innervates most of the arm and someof the body wall.

  21. Spinal Cord Segments • 4 segments: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral (only 1 coccygeal nerve) • 31 pairs of spinal nerves

  22. Cervical Segment

  23. Neck Fascia Superficial fascia Prevertebral fascia Alar fascia Investing fascia Pretracheal fascia

  24. Platysma

  25. SCM and Trapezius SCM Trapezius

  26. Cervical Triangles Anterior Triangle Posterior Triangle

  27. Posterior Triangle Occipital triangle Supraclavicular triangle

  28. Superficial and Deep Posterior Triangle Ext. jugular v. SCM Splenius Levator scapulae Nerve Point of Neck Accessory n. Phrenic n. Prevertebral fascia Platysma Scalenes Brachial plexus

  29. Supraclavicular Triangle Brachial Plexus SCM Subclavian vessels

  30. Anterior Triangles Submandibular Submental Carotid Muscular

  31. Muscular Triangle

  32. Muscles of Triangle Thyrohyoid Sternothyroid Thyroid Sternohyoid

  33. Thyroid Location

  34. Accessory Thyroid gland Accessory thyroid along thyroglossal duct

  35. Pyramidal lobe (50% of people have this lobe structure)

  36. Thyroid Follicle (follicular cells  thyroxine) Parafollicular cells  calcitonin

  37. T3 & T4

  38. Control of Thyroxine Secretion Short loop Long loop

  39. Thyroid Malfunction • Hypothyroidism • Endemic goiters –due to iodine deffeicency • Cretinism –i thyroxine in child results in igrowth (dwarf) and severe mental retardation • Myxedema –i thyroxine in adult, leads to swelling of tissues plus other symptoms

  40. Cretinism

  41. Thyroid Malfunction • Hyperthyroidism • Toxic goiters (Graves disease) –Ab may stimulate thyroid without negative feedback control • Exophthalmos –symptom present in many hyperthyroid patients

  42. Parathyroid Location

  43. PTH Actions • Stimulates resorption of bone  hCa+ and PO4- in blood • Stimulates Ca+ absorption in intestine (active Vit. D3 necessary for Ca+ absorption) • Stimulates Ca+ reabsorption and PO4- excretion in kidney • Stimulates Vit. D3 formation (skin) and activation (kidney) • Vital for life

  44. Laryngeal Cartilages Hyoid Epiglottis (anterior) Arytenoid cartilage Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage (posterior)

  45. Voice Box Vestibular fold Ventricle Vocal fold

  46. CN X: supply to laryngeal muscles Inf. Vagal ganglion Internal Laryngeal n.(sensory & autonomic) External Laryngeal n.(motor to inf. Pharnygeal constrictor and the cricohyoid) Recurrent Laryngeal n.(motor to all other laryngeal muscles)

  47. Submental Triangle Digastric Mylohyoid -contains submental lymph nodes

  48. Carotid Triangle Digastric (posterior belly) External carotid a. Internal carotid a. Common carotid a. Ansa cervicalis SCM IJV Omohyoid

  49. Ext. Carotid Branches Hypoglossal n. Post. Auricular Occipital Int. carotid Superficial Temporal Maxillary Ext. carotid Facial Lingual Sup. Thyroid Common Carotid IJV Ansa cervicalis Asc. Pharyngeal (not show)

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