CPR/First Aid

1. CPR/First Aid Mrs. Gennaro

2. Chain of Survival • Early access to EMT • Early EMT • Early Defibrillation • Early Advanced Care

3. Four Life Threatening Emergencies in Adults • Heart Attack • Cardiac Arrest • Stroke • Choking

4. Life Threatening Emergencies in Adults • Heart Attack- Occurs when one of the heart’s major blood vessels becomes blocked so that no oxygen is delivered to the heart muscles. Without oxygen the heart muscle begins to die, producing pain and other symptoms. • Heart attack video 1 • Heart attack video 2

5. Heart Attack • Signs/Symptoms • Often awake and can talk, describes pain or pressure or tightness in the chest. May feel lightheaded, short of breath, nauseated, or cold sweats (flu-like symptoms). May describe pain as an ache, heartburn, or indigestion.

6. Life Threatening Emergencies in Adults • Cardiac Arrest- Occurs when the heart stops pumping blood. Circulation to the brain and major organs stop. Victim collapses, becomes unresponsive, and stops breathing normally (shallow breathing or gasping). • Cardiac Arrest video 1 • Cardiac Arrest video 2

7. Cardiac Arrest • Signs/Symptoms • No response, no normal breathing, no signs of circulation.

8. Stroke • Stroke- Occurs when part of the brain does not receive blood flow or oxygen. May be caused by blockage in blood vessel or bleeding in the brain. • YouTube - Stroke Animation Video • YouTube - What causes a stroke? • YouTube - What Does a Stroke Do?

9. Stroke • Signs/Symptoms- Sudden numbness/weakness on one side of face, arm, or leg. Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding, sudden trouble seeing out of 1 or both eyes, sudden trouble walking, dizziness or loss of balance. Severe headache with no known cause.

10. Choking • Choking- Occurs when a foreign body blocks the airway. Victim cannot get oxygen into lungs and the brain and body becomes deprived of oxygen. • Field of Dreams Movie Clips & Scenes - Doc Saves Karin • How to Treat a Conscious Choking Adult

11. Choking • Signs/Symptoms- Victim clutching throat (Universal sign of choking), trouble breathing, wheezing or high-pitched noises.

12. What is CPR? • CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)- A life-saving first-aid procedure that combines rescue breaths with chest compressions, supplying oxygen to the body until normal body functions can resume.

13. Emergency Action Steps • Check- the scene and the ill or injured person for safety. Check responsiveness “are you ok”? • Call- call 9-1-1 • Care- ABCD • Good Samaritan Laws- Statutes that protect rescuers from being sued for giving emergency care.

14. Care- ABCD • ABCD • A- Airway (Check Airway) Look inside the victim’s mouth. Remove anything you see blocking the airway. • B- Breathing (Check Breathing) Look, listen and feel for breathing. Look for chest movement. Listen at the victim’s mouth for breathing. Feel for exhale air on your cheek. • Normal Breathing/ Chest Rising? • If they are breathing- Roll into recovery position • If they aren’t breathing- Give 2 breaths (1 sec), Look for chest to rise. If they don’t- Reposition and give 2 more breaths. • If the victim is choking, check for object in-between breaths and compressions, sweep if you see it, if you don’t, continue CPR

15. Care- ABCD • C- Compressions (Begin Compressions)- • 30 Compressions to 2 breaths • Pump fast and hard • Continue cycles until victim recovers, help arrives, or scene becomes unsafe CPR Techniques: • Adult • Hands locked, fingers interlaced, heel of hand directly over sternum, mid-chest, between the nipples • Elbows locked, shoulders square over victim • Child • Perform compressions with one hand • Infant • Perform compressions with 2 fingers

16. Care- ABCD • D- Defibrillation (AED) Device that delivers an electric shock to the heart to restore its normal rhythm. • AED Tips • Remove water, lotion, medicine • Turn on, place pads, follow prompts, shock if advised • Do not shock of not commanded, continue CPR • Upon Shock- Clear victim and press shock button once • Once on- Leave on- NEVER remove pads

17. Choking • Choking occurs when an object, such as piece of food, becomes stuck in a person’s windpipe, cutting off the flow of air. • Signs of choking • Inability to speak • Difficulty breathing • Inability to cough forcefully, turning blue in the face or lips, • Loss of consciousness

18. Choking Continued • Adult Choking • Immediately perform abdominal thrusts • If someone is close- ask them to call 911 • Infant Choking • Perform back blows and chest thrusts to dislodge the object • If choking victim is unconscious- Lower the person down to the floor and try to clear the airway • Reach into the mouth and sweep the object out with one finger (Be careful not to push the obstruction deeper into the throat) • If the obstruction cannot be dislodged, begin performing CPR (the chest compressions may dislodge the object)

20. Choking Continued • Choking when along- • Perform abdominal thrusts on yourself • Cover your fist with the other hand and push upward and inward • Another method- Bend over and position your abdomen over a rigid structure (countertop, back of a chair) Press against it to thrust your abdomen upwards and inward

21. First Aid Mrs. Gennaro

22. First Aid • First Aid- Immediate, temporary care given to an ill or injured person until professional medical care can be provided • Emergency Action Plan • Check • Call • Care

23. First Aid Precautions • Wear sterile gloves whenever you could come into contact with someone's blood or body fluids • Wash hands immediately after providing first aid • Using a mouthpiece, if one is available, when providing rescue breathing.

24. Questions • Why is it important to wash your hands after administering firs aid, even if you wear cloves

25. Additional Answers • Gloves may rip or tear, resulting in potential exposure to pathogens • Gloves may have tiny holes that you cannot see, but that can still permit blood or other body fluids to get through

26. Open Wounds • Abrasion- Skin scrapes against a hard surface • Dirt and bacteria can easily enter the site • Important to clean the wound to prevent infection and speed healing • Laceration- Cut caused by a sharp object, (such as a knife or broken glass) • Lacerations are accompanied by bleeding and deep lacerations can result in heavy bleeding • Deep lacerations may cause damage to nerves, large blood vessels, and other soft tissue • Infection may also occur

27. Open Wounds • Puncture-Small but deep hole caused by a pin, nail, fang, or other object that pierces the skin. • Do not usually cause heavy external bleeding, but they may cause internal bleeding if penetrating object damages major blood vessels or internal organs • Puncture wounds carry a high risk of infection, including tetanus • Avulsion- Tissue is partially or completely separated from the body • A partially avulsed piece of skin may remain attached, but it hangs like a flap • Heavy bleeding is common • Immediately call for professional medical assistance

28. First Aid for Bleeding • Control bleeding • Raise the wounded body part above the level of the heart (if possible) • Cover wound with sterile gauze or a clean clot • Press palm of hand firmly against the gauze. Apply steady pressure to the wound for 5 minutes or until help arrives • Do not stop to check the wound (clotting of the blood may be interrupted) • If blood soaks through the gauze, add another gauze pad on top of the first and continue to apply pressure • Once bleeding stops- secure the pad firmly in place with a bandage, strip of gauze, or other material • Pad should be snug- but not so tight that you can’t feel the victims pulse • If you can’t stop the bleeding after 5 minutes or if the wound starts bleeding again, call for medical help (if you haven’t done it already) Continue to apply pressure until help arrives

29. Burns

30. First Aid for Burns • Cool the burn area by hold it under cold, running water for at least 5 minutes. (may also immerse the burned area in cool water or wrap it in cold wet clothes • Do not use ice- May cause frostbite and further damage to skin • Cover burn loosely with a sterile gauze bandage • Some second degree burns and all third-degree burns require immediate medical care- Call 911 • Cover the burned area with a clean, moist cloth, but do not remove burned clothing unless it is smoldering • Do not immerse a large burned area in cold water (Victim could go into shock)