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WOOL KERATIN-BASED NANOFIBRES FOR ACTIVE FILTRATION OF AIR AND WATER

INSTITUTE FOR MACROMOLECULAR STUDIES. WOOL KERATIN-BASED NANOFIBRES FOR ACTIVE FILTRATION OF AIR AND WATER. A. Aluigi, C.Vineis, A. Varesano, C. Tonetti, C. Tonin, G.Mazzuchetti. 2 nd International Conference on Innovative Natural Fibre Composites for Industrial Applications

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WOOL KERATIN-BASED NANOFIBRES FOR ACTIVE FILTRATION OF AIR AND WATER

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  1. INSTITUTE FOR MACROMOLECULAR STUDIES WOOL KERATIN-BASED NANOFIBRES FOR ACTIVE FILTRATION OF AIR AND WATER A. Aluigi, C.Vineis, A. Varesano, C. Tonetti, C. Tonin, G.Mazzuchetti. 2nd International Conference on Innovative Natural Fibre Composites for Industrial Applications Rome, April 15-18, 2009

  2. Feather Wool Hair Horns, Nails KERATINS High Cysteine Content Protein (7-20% of the total aminoacids)

  3. KERATIN WASTES: Renewable Source > 5.000.000 tons/year of keratin wastes from • By-products of the textile industry • Poor quality raw wool not fit for spinning • Hairs and feathers from butchery

  4. Intermidiate Filaments • Low-Sulphur Content Keratin (1,5 -2 %wt) (LS) • MW: 60, 45 kDa • a-Helix Structure • Cuticle • High-Sulphur Content Keratin (8%wt) (HS) • MW: 28-11 kDa • b Sheet-Disordered Structures • Matrix • High-Sulphur Content Keratin (8% wt) (HS) • MW: 28-11 kDa • Disordered Structure Wool Fibre

  5. Properties of regenerated wool keratin • Heavy metals absorption [1] • Formaldeyde absorption [2] • Nanofibre non-wovens properties • High surface/volume ratio • High porosity • Filtration System • Air Cleaning • Water depuration: especially removal of ultrafine particles and heavy metals adsorption [1] P. Kar and M. Misra, J. Chem. Technol Biotechnol, 2004, 79, 1313-1319 [2] X. Huang, Y. J. Wang and Y. H. Di, Textile Research Journal, 2007, 77(12), 946-950 AIM Keratin from Wool Nanofibre Non-Wovens

  6. Nanofibre Production by Electrospinning Electrostatic forces Elongational forces able to transform the polymer solution in nanofibres Basic setup for an electrospinning apparatus High voltage supplier [10  30 KV DC] Syringe with a small diameter needle [0.2 1.5 mm] Metal collecting screen

  7. Shaking, 65°C, 2h Filtration Dialysis Filtration 5 m LS HS Keratin Extraction from Wool metabisulphite [0.6M]; Urea [8M]; SDS [0.02M]; pH 6.5 + Solid Fraction Liquid Fraction Casting 50°C overnight Regenerated Keratin Film Keratin/H2O

  8. Regenerated Keratin Characteristic Polymer Blend Common solvent use (volatile) PA 6 20 kDa Keratin Used to produce filters Poor mechanical properties Non-Thermoplastic

  9. Keratin / Formic Acid • Standard • Keratin regenerated from formic acid: 2 2 days • After two weeks • After 1 month • After 3 months Keratin/Formic Acid Solution Stability Extracted Keratin in Formic Acid 5% wt Casting 50°C overnight SDS-PAGE Films of Keratin regenerated from Formic Acid

  10. Film Casting Regenerated Keratin in Formic Acid 15% wt Nanofibre Non-Woven Electrospinning + Polyamide 6 in Formic Acid 15% wt Blends 0/100 10/90 30/70 50/50 70/30 90/10 100/0

  11. Blend solution decanted overnight Cryogenically fractured sections of blend films Additivity Rule Viscosity Immiscibility between keratin and polyamide 6 Solution Properties

  12. Electrospinning Conditions Voltage (kV): 15 20 25 30 Flow Rate (ml/min): 0,001 0,005 0,01 Tip-to-Target Distance (cm): 10 Capillary (mm): 0,40

  13. Beads Nanofibre Morfology

  14. Diameter Size Distributions of Blend Nanofibres

  15. Water Stability 1 day immersion in water

  16. Stock Solution [Cr+3]0=50 mg/L pH=4 Preliminary test of chromium adsorption

  17. Formaldehyde Adsorption

  18. Formaldehyde Adosrption Apparatus Formaldehyde releasing silica FormaldemeterTM Multicomponent filter made of nanofibres deposited in a PP filter sheet Chamber containing 0.6 ppm of formaldehyde

  19. Physiosorption Physiosorption + Chemisorption Decrease of formaldehyde concentration with an initial concentration of 0.6 ppm (100%) during time in the presence of filters Tests performed at 20°C and 65% r.h.

  20. CONCLUSIONS • Keratin/Polyamide 6 blend solutions in different proportions were prepared using formic acid as a common solvent • Morphological analysis and viscosity measurements suggest immiscibility between the two polymers • All the blend solutions were suitable for electrospinning and thin nanofibres with diameter ranging from 70 to 300 nm were obtained • The stability in water of keratin/polyamide 6 blend nanofibres decreases with increasing the keratin content • Keratin based nanofibres show a good chromium adsorption capacity • Keratin based nanofibres are good formaldehyde absorbers, reducing airborne formaldehyde concentration up to 70%

  21. Many Thanks to.... …REGIONE PIEMONTE (HI-TEX Project) and CASSA DI RISPARMIO DI BIELLA Foundation for the financial support … ALL of YOU for your attention!!

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