World War I

1. World War I Mrs. Seabolt World History

2. Other names • Great War • War to end all wars

3. Causes of WWI

4. Causes of WWI • Nationalism • Alliances • Competition • Imperialism • Militarism • Assassination of Arch Duke Ferdinand

5. Underlying Causes of WWI • Nationalism • loyalty and devotion to a nation ; especially: a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests.

6. Nationalism • Austria/Hungary-1 Country ruled by the Hapsburgs

7. With many different cultures and ethnicities who wanted popular sovereignty

8. Alliances • Countries make “deals” with one another to come to the other country's aid when threatened. • Triple Entente, which included Great Britain, France, and Russia. Became the ALLIED POWERS • Triple Alliance, which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. ALL BUT ITALY BECAME THE CENTRAL POWERS

9. Alliances

10. Competition • Imperialism-Countries were competing for resources in colonies. • Militarism • Glorification of the military • Nations started expanding their military • Greater technology of weapons • WWI Firsts — History.com Video

11. Deadly Technology of World War I QUICK STUDY Quick Study: Deadly Technology of World War I

12. Military Strength, 1914 CHART Chart: Military Strength 1914

13. Immediate Start of the War • Chain reaction • Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand • Visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia • Ethnic Serb who thought Bosnia should be free shot the Archduke & his wife Sophie • Austria-Hungary demanded the Serbs give up the murderers-DENIED! • Russia (allied with Serbia) declared war on Austria -Hungary • Germany (allied with Austria Hungary) declares war on Russia

15. Then.... • France (allied with Russia)declares war on Germany • Germany declared war on Belgium to get to France • Schlieffen Plan • Great Britain (allied with France and Russia) declared war on Germany for invading Belgium • BAM! WWI

16. Schlieffen Plan • Germany thought Russia would take a while to get troops together. • Plan was to invade France through neutral Belgium • Basis of plan was to fight on one front at time • FAIL-Russia got it together quickly • The Start of the Great War - YouTube

17. WWI Warfare

19. Battle Fronts for the Central Powers • Fighting battles on several fronts • Western Front • France, Britain • Eastern Front • Russia • South • Romania • Serbia • Other Places • Dardanelle Strait • Middle East • Imperial colonies in Africa and the Pacific

20. Battle Fronts for the Central Powers

21. Ottoman Empire joins the Central Powers • Turks joined the Central Powers in late October 1914. The Turks then cut off crucial Allied supply lines to Russia through the Dardanelles, a vital strait connecting the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. • Called the battle of Gallipoli • Allies Launch Disastrous Attack at Gallipoli — History.com Video

22. Arab Front • T. E. Lawrence—later known as Lawrence of Arabia fought for the Allied Powers for the British • History's Raiders: The Adventures of Lawrence of Arabia — History.com Video

23. Stalemate • Trench Warfare • Western Front-Main areas of battle • But Germany was fighting on several fronts

24. Winning the War

25. Waging Total War • Total War-the channeling of a nation’s entire resources into a war effort

26. Total War • Conscription-Draft-requiring all young men to be ready for service

27. Total War Propaganda-is the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause.

28. Total War • Money- • Governments raised taxes and borrowed huge amounts of money • Rationed Food and Supplies

29. Total War Women took over jobs for men, became nurses. Women of War — History.com Video

30. Total War International law allowed wartime blockades to confiscate contraband, or military supplies and raw materials needed to make military supplies, but not items such as food and clothing.

31. United States and WWI • Wilson Urges Neutrality • “impartial in thought as well as action” • He did not want cultures in our diverse nation to have conflict, but immigrants supported their homeland • Most Americans sided with Britain and France because of our similar culture (English Speaking) and history(France supported us in during the Revolutionary War)

32. American's Different Opinions • Germany's attack on neutral Belgium made most people mad • 3 Opinions Forms • Isolationists-war was none of our business • Interventionalist- we should intervene and help the Allies • Internationalists- do not enter the war, but try to negotiate a peace-this was Woodrow Wilson

33. Britain Blockade • British Navy blockade of goods to Germany • Contraband-goods used to fight a war • Britain expanded the definition of contraband to include everything, even against international law • German response • Began sinking Allied ships with U-Boats, or submarines

34. German U-Boat TRANSPARENCY Transparency: German U-Boat

35. Sinking of the Lusitania • Germans sink a passenger ship called the Lusitania on May 17, 1915 off the coast of Ireland • Germans claimed the boat was carrying ammunition • US condemned Germany for not giving warning to the ship so passengers could escape, but still did not enter the war

37. Germany did warn travelers

38. Germany's Promises • After sinking the Lusitania, Germany promises the U.S. They will not sink any more passenger ships • By 1916, the promise was broken by the sinking of the French ship Sussex • Once again, Germany promises not to do it again with the “Sussex Pledge”

39. Wilson Hopes to stay out of the War • Wilson wins the 1916 Presidential Election • Slogan “He kept us out of war!”

40. America Enters the War • Germany announces “unrestricted submarine warfare” • Zimmerman Note • the British intercepted a message from the German foreign minister, Arthur Zimmermann, to his ambassador in Mexico. In the note, Zimmermann authorized his ambassador to propose that Germany would help Mexico “to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona” in return for Mexican support against the United States.

41. America Enters the War • The American’s entrance into the war gives added moral boost, troops and money to win the war • William II resigns • The new German government sought an armistice, or agreement to end fighting, with the Allies. At 11 a.m. on November 11, 1918, the Great War at last came to an end.

42. Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Causes

43. Wilson’s Fourteen Points • Fourteen Points, a list of his terms for resolving this and future wars. • freedom of the seas • free trade • large-scale reductions of arms • an end to secret treaties • self-determination for Eastern Europe, the right of people to choose their own form of government. • creation of a “general association of nations” to keep the peace in the future. (League of Nations)

44. Paris Peace ConferenceDifferent Goals for Peace France England United States • Georges Clemenceau • to weaken Germany so that it could never again threaten France • David Lloyd George • to build a postwar Britain “fit for heroes”—a goal that would cost money. • . • Woodrow Wilson • “peace without victory” based on the Fourteen Points

45. Treaty of Versailles • Germany assumes all blame • Germany pays for the costs of the war called reparations • Limited Germany’s military • returned Alsace and Lorraine to France • removed hundreds of square miles of territory from western and eastern Germany • stripped Germany of its overseas colonies

47. Outcome of Peace Settlements • Self-Determination in Eastern Europe • Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia • Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Hungary • The Mandate System • Self Determination not applied to European colonies • Colonies in Africa, Japan, Australia and Pacific would be territories administered by Western powers • League of Nations Formed • US did not join • Germany would harbor bad feelings that will lead to another world war…..