Cocaine and Heroin

1. Cocaine and Heroin

2. Cocaine And Heroin Quiz Decide whether the following statements are true or false. TRUE or FALSE: Using marijuana can lead a person to experiment with other drugs. TRUE or FALSE: People from middle class neighborhoods do not use drugs like cocaine and heroin. TRUE or FALSE: Cocaine is a depressant drug. TRUE or FALSE: "Cheese" is a mixture of heroin and cold medicine that is targeted at younger kids. TRUE or FALSE: The only way to ingest heroin is to inject it into your body with a needle. TRUE or FALSE: Heroin is a stimulant drug. TRUE or FALSE: In the past, it was possible to get infected with HIV or hepatitis from sharing needles, but new technology has ended that risk. TRUE or FALSE: Drug dealers depend on their customers and therefore they respect them and treat them well. TRUE or FALSE: Junkies who are friends will steal from each other for a fix. 10. TRUE or FALSE: Young adults caught with heroin are sent to rehab rather than jail.

3. Show- Drug Free World- “Cocaine” and “Heroin” clips

4. WHAT IS COCAINE? One of the oldest known drugs, cocaine, is one of the most powerful stimulants found in nature and one of the most addictive drugs on the planet. It comes from the coca plant of South America. Common names for cocaine include coke, C, blow, lines, snow, toot, nose candy and The Lady. WHAT IS CRACK? Introduced in the 1980s, crack is the most accessible and powerful form of cocaine. It is made from mixing cocaine with baking soda. When heated, it forms crystals. The "rock" is then smoked by the user. Crack is named for the sound it produces when smoked. LEGAL STATUS: Cocaine and crack are illegal in the U.S. and classified as Schedule II drugs under the Controlled Substances Act. This means they have a high potential for abuse and that abuse of these drugs may lead to severe dependence, but that the drugs have a medical use. PREVALENCE: In the 2005 Monitoring the Future study, 8 percent of twelfth graders and 5.2 percent of tenth graders reported that they had used cocaine, while 3.5 percent of twelfth graders and 2.5 percent of tenth graders reported having used crack. According to the 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, approximately 7 9 million Americans aged 12 or older reported trying crack at least once, with 230,000 of them having used crack for the first time within the past 12 months. HOW COCAINE AND CRACK WORK: Cocaine is either "snorted" through the nose or dissolved in water and injected into a vein. When inhaled through the nose, it reaches the brain in three minutes; when injected, in fifteen seconds; when smoked, in seven seconds. A cocaine high usually lasts less than 20 minutes. Crack is smoked. Chunks are placed in a pipe and heated, so the user can inhale the fumes. The effects of crack are said to be ten times greater than that of snorted cocaine. They reach the brain within 10 seconds and last for 5 to 15 minutes. THE HIGH: Cocaine over-stimulates the pleasure centers in the brain with an abundance of dopamine, a naturally occurring brain chemical, and blocks cells from absorbing pleasure chemicals. Cocaine causes feelings of well-being and can create a false sense of joy. Due to the stimulant nature of cocaine and crack, users get a burst of energy. They experience a sudden alertness and may become very talkative. IS COCAINE/CRACK ADDICTIVE? Cocaine and crack are extremely addictive. The body quickly develops a tolerance to the drugs, so the high doesn't last as long, leading users to take the drug more often and in greater doses to achieve the same high. Some crack users become addicted in as few as six weeks. FACT SHEET 1A COCAINE AND CRACK

5. WITHDRAWAL: If cocaine use is stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur. These include anxiety, depression, • paranoia and exhaustion. The worst symptom is an intense craving for more cocaine or crack and a • willingness to do just about anything to get it. The opposite of the high is so difficult to deal with that many cocaine addicts turn to other drugs, such as marijuana, prescription drugs and alcohol. • EFFECTS OF COCAINE/CRACK: • ➢ Dizziness, headache, depression, restlessness, anxiety and exhaustion. • ➢ "Cocaine psychosis," whereby users lose touch with reality and may experience hallucinations, paranoia, anxiety, insomnia and • aggressiveness. • ➢ Chronic runny nose, nosebleeds, loss of smell, damaged nasal septum and sores on the nasal membranes (in users who snort cocaine). • ➢ Abdominal pain, intestinal damage, malnutrition and bowel gangrene. • ➢ Increased blood pressure, abnormally high heart rate, heart spasms, constricted blood vessels and blood clots—these conditions can lead • to chronic fatigue,' heart attack and stroke. • ➢ Crack users may begin to feel nervous, have sores and scabs on their skin due to "coke bugs" (skin itches and feels like bugs are crawling • on it), develop a hoarse voice, feel strung out and make jerky movements. • ➢ Potential for overdose is high. Cocaine users face the danger of heart failure, convulsions and death. Cocaine and crack can kill by causing • bleeding in the brain, stroke, respiratory failure or cardiac failure. Even first time cocaine users can have seizures or fatal heart attacks. • ➢ Combining cocaine with other drugs or alcohol is very dangerous. The effects of one drug can magnify the effects of another, and mixing • substances can be deadly. • Sources: • - Chudler, Eric. H., PhD. "Cocaine." Neuroscience for Kids website. <http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/coca.html > • "Drug Use and Abuse: Cocaine." The Merck Manual Online Medical Library, Home Edition. <http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec07/ch108/ch108h.html > • National Institute on Drug Abuse and University of Michigan. Monitoring the Future 2005 Data From In-School Surveys of 8th-, 10th, and 12th-Grade Students, December 2005. • - National Institute on Drug Abuse. "NIDA InfoFacts: Crack and Cocaine." <http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/cocaine.html > • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. September 2006. • - "Tips for Teens: The Truth about Cocaine." <http://ncadi.samhsa.gov/govpubs/PHD640 > FACT SHEET 1 B COCAINE AND CRACK

6. HEROIN 101 What is heroin? Heroin is an opiate/depressant drug processed from morphine, a naturally occurring substance in the Asian poppy plant. Morphine has been used as a narcotic for thousands of years. According to the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), heroin is a narcotic that can be injected, smoked or snorted. It comes from the opium poppy grown in Southeast Asia (Thailand, Laos and Myanmar—Burma); Southwest Asia (Afghanistan and Pakistan), Mexico and Colombia. Heroin comes in several forms, the main ones being "black tar" from Mexico and white heroin from Colombia. In the past, heroin was mainly injected. Because of the high purity of the Colombian heroin, many users now snort or smoke heroin. All of these methods can lead to addiction, and the use of intravenous needles can result in the transmission of HIV or hepatitis C. Common names for heroin include horse, chiva, smack, junk, H, mud and China white. Legal Status: Heroin is illegal and classified by the federal government as a Schedule I narcotic under the Controlled Substances Act, meaning that it has a high potential for abuse and no legitimate medical use in the United States. Heroin was developed by the Bayer Company in 1897 in an effort to find a less addicting drug with which to treat painful diseases, but it turned out to be ten times more potent and addictive than morphine, the drug it was invented to replace. WHAT IS CHEESE? A new form'of heroin-laced powder known as "cheese" or "starter heroin" has been found in middle and high schools in Texas_ It is made from the ingredients in some over-the counter cold remedies mixed with heroin. Cheese heroin arrived on the scene in 2005 and was implicated in 21 teen deaths in the Dallas area over the next two . years. The name "Cheese" is thought to come from its resemblance to Parmesan cheese.

7. HEROIN 101 How is heroin used? Heroin can be injected, inhaled by snorting or sniffing or smoked. All three methods deliver the drug to the brain very rapidly and can lead to addiction. The use of intravenous needles to inject heroin can result in the transmission of HIV or hepatitis C. What does it feel like? Immediately after it is taken, heroin causes the user to feel a pleasurable sensation, or a "rush." It produces a deep, dreamlike state of relaxation and reduces anxiety. What are its short-term effects? Heroin's short-term effects appear within seconds after dosing and disappear in a few hours. A heroin user may experience these effects: • Heroin "rush"—a sudden surge of • Alternating sleepiness with awarenwarmthflooding the body known as being "on the nod" • Slowing of heartbeat and breathing • Pinpoint pupils • Euphoria • Droopy eyelids • Slurred speech • Vomiting • Sensation of heavy arms and legs • Constipation What are its long-term effects? • Collapsed veins, infections of the heart lining, cellulitis, liver disease • Various types of pneumonia (from depleted respiratory system) • Infections of the lungs, liver, kidneys and brain due to impurities in the heroin • In addition to the effects of the drug itself, street heroin often contains toxic contaminants or additives that can clog blood vessels leading to the lungs, liver, kidneys, or brain, causing permanent damage to vital organs.

8. HEROIN 101 Is it addictive? All forms of heroin are extremely addictive, even after just a few uses. The body adapts to the presence of the drug, causing a physical dependence. Heroin users soon find they need larger doses to achieve the same high they originally felt. Soon, they are using the drug as a way to avoid feeling withdrawal, rather than as a way to get high. What is withdrawal? If a dependent user reduces or stops use of the drug abruptly, he or she may experience severe symptoms of withdrawal. These symptoms—which can begin as early as a few hours after the last drug administration— can include restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea and vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps ("cold turkey"), and kicking movements ("kicking the habit"). Users also experience severe craving for the drug during withdrawal, which can lead to continued abuse and/or relapse. Special Risks of Injection Drug Use Injection drug use refers to when a drug is injected into a tissue or vein with a needle. When injection drug users share "equipment"—such as needles, syringes, and other drug injection tools—diseases can be transmitted through contact with blood or other bodily fluids. People who inject heroin are at high risk of contracting HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). AIDS is a progressive disease of the immune system. Treatment options exist but AIDS is still incurable. Other infections—such as hepatitis C—can also be spread this way. Hepatitis C, the most common blood-borne infection in the United States, can cause liver disease and permanent liver damage. It is estimated that about 23 percent of individuals who use heroin become dependent on it— that's nearly one in every four users!

9. WARNING SIGNS THAT A FRIEND IS USING COCAINE: • * Red, bloodshot eyes • * Runny nose or frequent sniffling • * Sores or scabs on arms • * A change in eating or sleeping patterns • * A change in group of friends, school grades or behavior • * Acting withdrawn, depressed, tired or careless about personal appearance • * Over time, users may lose interest in friends, family, sports, hobbies or other activities once enjoyed. • * Frequently needing money • WARNING SIGNS THAT A FRIEND IS USING HEROIN: • * Covering up injection areas by wearing a long-sleeved shirt or long pants. • Track marks (i.e., puncture marks) in the areas where the drug is injected most. These may appear bruised or even infected if left without medical care. • * Constricted pupils while on drug • * Impaired mental functioning • * A change in eating or sleeping patterns; weight loss • * A change in behavior—drowsiness, poor concentration and attention • * Losing interest in school, family, or activities he or she used to enjoy • * Intense craving for sweets • * Nausea • * Euphoria • IF YOU KNOW SOMEONE WITH A DRUG PROBLEM... • These hotlines can connect you with someone who can help. • 1-800-662-HELP The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) hotline • 1-800-729-6686 TDD: 1-800-487-4889 Espatiol: 1-877-767-8432 The SAMHSA National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information • 1-800-NCA-CALL The National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence hotline FACT SHEET 5 IF A FRIEND NEEDS HELP

10. Use the words from the box below to fill in the blanks in the paragraph that follows. Heroin _______________ is associated with many ________________ health conditions, including fatal overdose, (1) (2) spontaneous ____________________ and infectious diseases, such as HIV/______________ and ____________. _______________ (3) (4) (5) (6) users may develop collapsed _________________, infection of the ___________________ lining and valves, abscesses and (7) (8) __________ disease. In addition, __________________may result from the poor health condition of the __________________ (9) (10) (11) as well as from heroin's depressant effects on _______________. Not all of the ways in which people die from heroin are related to (12) ______________________or long-term health issues. There are actually many ways that heroin can indirectly ________________ you. (13) (14) For example, in a practice called "chasing the _______________________," heroin is ______________ out of a bowl made of (15) (16) _____________________ foil. People who do this can die from inhaling the __________________from the ________________ coating (17) (18) (19) found on many foils or suffer other serious health issues from _________________ aluminum. (20) ACTIVITY 1 2A DEATH BY HEROIN Abortion aluminum heart liver respiration abuse chronic hepatitis overdosing serious abuser dragon inhaling plastic smoked AIDS fumes kill pneumonia veins

11. MethCrystal Meth

14. Show- Drug Free World- “Meth” Clip

15. What Does Meth Do To Your Brain? Brain Damage- Methamphetamine can cause significant changes to the brain. Some are immediate and some happen over time.

16. What Does Meth Do To Your Body?

17. Will Meth Change Your LOOKS?

20. Peanut Butter Meth

22. What is Stress?

23. C – Consider Alternatives- deal with feelings O – Other’s Support- help each other P – Problem Solving- plan E – Esteem Building- accept yourself

24. Relaxation (any king of relaxing or soothing technique) • * Lying down or sitting in a comfortable position • * A massage • * Listening to soothing music • * Resting in a beautiful nature setting such as the ocean. Listen to the rhythmic sound of the waves • * A walk through a tree filled park • * Reading or listening to tapes etc. • Physical activity (any kind of physical activity that produces a change in space & feeling) • Walking Aerobic Exercise Biking Running Yoga • Skiing Dancing Karate Surfing Etc. • Meditation (techniques that calm the mind & body and allow you to focus with clarity on yourself) • * Quiet time spent alone without distractions that allows you to reflect • * Pray • * Be still and do nothing • Deep Breathing, concentrating (any techniques that focus on breathing for the purpose of calming, relaxing, & concentrating) • Rhythmic, Slow, Deep, Focused breathing can create a temporary but immediate effect on your attitude and outlook on any situation • Avoidance (any method used to avoid being in a situation or with people that stress you out) • Journal writing • Writing, recording feelings or ideas about people and or events (often solution to problems emerge from the process of writing about them). Keep a creative journal where you record poetry, songs, etc. • Creative expression (any kind of self expression through music, movement or art) • Painting Drawing Writing Poetry Composing Music Dance • Some techniques work better than others depending on how much stress we are experiencing. Accepting that is OK to feel sad or angry means that we can work through the sadness or anger instead of acting it out. These techniques can help dissipate the strong feelings. CONSIDER LIFESTYLE ALTERNATIVES

25. OTHER’S SUPPORT Counseling Any group or individual that provides you with an outlet for your frustrations, stress, and sorrows; where you feel complete safety, trust and freedom to express yourself. Support groups Any kind of organized group that helps to support people who are dealing with an addiction of any kind of problems and or behaviors associated with addiction in either oneself or others. Examples are: Alcoholics Anonymous, CoDA, Alanon, Alateen, etc. Processing & Venting Any friend, family member, peer who is willing to listen and allow a safe place to talk about, express feelings, cry, etc. (a safe place means that no matter what you say, it is CONFIDENTIAL and that you are still loved and accepted and not judged or criticized). Peer groups Any group of (same age) peers who share interests, problems or hobbies with you, that you can meet with socially, get support from and share experiences and feelings with. Networking with others who share the same problems and feelings, or who have overcome similar experiences, can help you feel more able to cope with stress, getting help can also give you an opportunity to help others. Others can identify with your experiences and feelings. We can help each other to learn ways to overcome our problems.

26. PROBLEM SOLVING Seeking Information • Any effort to get information that will lead you to manage or eliminate a problem such as researching Alcoholics Anonymous groups in your town, visiting a group to see which would be most helpful to you, etc. Evaluating Possible Situations Any questioning, analyzing, evaluating of possible solutions to determine what would be beneficial for you. Questions you might ask yourself are: "What do I want to happen?" or "How can I accomplish that?" etc. Lessen. Perceived Threat Thinking, visualizing, imagining the stress, problem, situation, person as less threatening. Imagining that you are successfully resolving the problem. When we feel less threatened, we are better able to see more possible solutions. Investigate Future Outcomes Question people who have overcome similar problems or who are knowledgeable about situations. Others who have experienced successful solutions can give you insight into what might help you. Set Goals Setting realistic goals for ourselves is helpful. Taking on too much at one time or being too rigid is a way of adding more stress. Be flexible (it is OK to make mistakes, if we learn from them). It's easier to accomplish something if we do a little at a time. For example, instead of deciding to go to the gym 5 times a week for 1 hour each day, start off with 2 days a week for about 30 minutes and add more workout time when it's comfortable. Follow Through Be willing to so what it takes to accomplish the realistic goals you set for yourself. Also be willing to change your goals and strategies if you are not getting the results you expect or want. Be willing to change your approach and them continue to follow through with the new plan. Problem solving can be somewhat stressful depending on the solutions required (e.g. going to school), but accomplishing things gives us a stronger sense of self and encourages us to continue to do the work.

27. ESTEEM BUILDING • Reflect on your strengths. • * Make lists of the things you like and admire about yourself (e.g. I feel good about the decisions I make.) • * Acknowledge positive steps you have taken in your life to get to where you are now. • Think about good things you have done for others. • Read books or listen to tapes that uplift, motivate, or challenge you to be a better person. • * Books on your culture or ethnic group • * Self-improvement books or tapes • Attend workshops where you learn new skills to feel better about yourself. • * Assertiveness training • * Self esteem • * Communication • * Spiritual, etc. • Undertake projects that make you feel successful. • * Complete things you have been meaning to finish. Do extra credit work for school. • * Tutor another student in a subject you do well in. When we accept ourselves and feel OK about who we are, some situations are less stressful because we don't judge ourselves. We can see the difference between "This is a bad situation" and "I'm a bad person, what's wrong with me?"