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Olinguito

Olinguito. Speedy Mantis. Luchihormetica luckae. Leaf-Tailed Gecko. Terriscoccus phoenicis. Formosan Clouded Leopard. Darwin’s Tree Frog. Japanese River Otter. West African Black Rhino. Spix’s Macaw. What Is A Species?.

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Olinguito

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  1. Olinguito

  2. Speedy Mantis

  3. Luchihormeticaluckae

  4. Leaf-Tailed Gecko

  5. Terriscoccusphoenicis

  6. Formosan Clouded Leopard

  7. Darwin’s Tree Frog

  8. Japanese River Otter

  9. West African Black Rhino

  10. Spix’s Macaw

  11. What Is A Species? • Species = individuals that are capable of producing viable/fertile offspring

  12. Variations, Differential Reproduction & Speciation • Different variations, acted upon by the selective pressures of the environment, cause differential reproduction within a population • Changes in the variations of a species or the selective pressures may lead to speciation

  13. Types of Speciation

  14. Allopatric Speciation • A population is split into two groups due to geographic isolation • If the two environments are different, the selective pressures on each sub-population will differ • Differential reproduction will result as different variations are favored in each environment

  15. Kaibab v. Abert Squirrel = Allopatric Speciation

  16. Peripatric Speciation • Like allopatric speciation, population is split by geographic isolation • However, the second, new population is much smaller and has a more limited range of variations • 2nd population more likely to exhibit Founder’s Effect

  17. Sympatric Speciation • Unlike allopatric speciation, population is NOT split by geographic isolation • Due to variations that develop within the population, members become reproductively isolated • Ex: mating behaviors, different # chromosomes

  18. Gradualism Slow, incremental changes in allele frequency and phenotype over time Punctuated Equilibrium Long periods of no change in allele frequency and/or phenotype interrupted by rapid “bursts” of drastic change Different Models For Rate of Evolutionary Change

  19. Gradualism • Species tend not to diverge drastically, but modify existing body plans, behaviors, etc. to fit small changes in the environment

  20. Punctuated Equilibrium • As mutation and environmental change are random, so is the rate of change in allele frequencies • Model supported by most evidence and research (i.e. Stephen Jay Gould)

  21. Lab: Origin of Species • Purpose: To determine the mode of evolution affecting a sexually reproducing population in regard to abiotic and biotic factors, geographic and reproductive isolation, differential rates of reproduction and selective pressures

  22. Protocol • Research the changes on each part of the archipelago (Windsor, Norcross, etc.) over the course of 5 million years • Record your observations, share your results and answer the analysis questions on the Google Document recently shared with you • Notes: • For each location, what changes occurred in regard to the Geospiza’s (i.e. pollenpeepers) variations? • For each location, what were the primary selective pressures directing those changes • Was the evolution divergent to the point of speciation? Why or why not? • If so, what type of speciation best describes these changes: allopatric, peripatric, sympatric?

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