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Presentation 48 – TCP/IP

Presentation 48 – TCP/IP. Objectives. At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:. Recognize IP addresses and subnet masks. Explain the difference between the Network ID and the Host ID portions of an IP address. Explain the purpose of the subnet mask.

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Presentation 48 – TCP/IP

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  1. Presentation 48 – TCP/IP

  2. Objectives At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:

  3. Recognize IP addresses and subnet masks. • Explain the difference between the Network ID and the Host ID portions of an IP address. • Explain the purpose of the subnet mask. • Recognize Windows XP’s auto-configure IP parameters. • Discuss the purpose of the TCP/IP IPCONFIG and PING tools.

  4. Protocol • A signed document containing the record of the points on which agreement has been reached by negotiating parties. • The code of ceremonial forms and courtesies accepted as proper and correct in official dealings.

  5. In Networking, Protocols are: • Agreements that describe how things work. • Industry-wide frameworks that describe every aspect of communications between computers. • Grouped together into Protocol Suites.

  6. In the PC world, the main Protocol Suites are: • NetBEUI – Used in small Microsoft-based networks. • SPX/IPX – Used primarily in Novell-based networks. • TCP/IP – Must be used if the network is to connect to the Internet. But it is also widely used even in those networks that do not connect to the Internet.

  7. TCP/IP is: • The Protocol of the Internet • The number 1 protocol in the world for moving data around • A suite of over 100 protocols • One of the protocols supported by both Windows and Macintosh Operating Systems. • The protocol of UNIX.

  8. TCP/IP- A suite of protocols • Internet Protocol (IP) - The protocol that determines the Internet’s basic packet structure and its addressing scheme. • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - The protocol that sets up a connection between two hosts and ensures that data is passed between them reliably.

  9. TCP/IP- A suite of protocols • File Transport Protocol (FTP) - Defines file transfers among computers on the Internet. • Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) - Describes the format of Internet email. • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - Defines how WWW data is transmitted between a server and a browser. • Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP) - Defines how Usenet newsgroups and postings are transmitted.

  10. IP Address • A logical rather than a physical address. • How it is entered into your computer: • Manually, by you or the network administrator. • Automatically, via the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).

  11. Each computer on a network that uses the TCP/IP protocol must have its own unique IP address.

  12. TCP/IP

  13. IP Address Subnet Mask

  14. Default Gateway

  15. DNS Servers

  16. 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 IP Address 32-bits

  17. 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 IP Address 4-Octets 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0

  18. 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 IP AddressConvert each octet to decimal 208 205 113 5

  19. 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 .113 .208 .5 205 IP Address Dotted-Decimal Notation 5 113 205 208

  20. Where does the IP address come from? • If you are not connected to the Internet, your network administrator can “make up” a range of IP addresses and assign you one. • If you are connected to the Internet, the IP address must be registered with the Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC). • Some IP address are designated Private. These can be used by more than one network, as long as they do not connect directly to the Internet.

  21. Usually, you get your IP addresses from your local Internet Service Provider.

  22. Configuring TCP/IP • Manually • Automatically • DHCP • Autoconfiguration

  23. The IP Address is divided into two parts: Host ID (Assigned locally) Network ID (Assigned by InterNIC)

  24. .113 .208 .5 205 Network ID Or Network Address Host ID Or Node Address

  25. 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 IP Address 32-bits Network ID Host ID

  26. The Subnet Mask • A 32-bit number • Makes the IP address more flexible. • Indicates which part of the IP address is the Network ID and which is the node ID.

  27. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 00 1 1 0 1 The subnet mask. A string of 1s followed by a string of 0s. 1s indicate bits in Network ID 0s indicate bits in Node ID

  28. 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 11 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 Network ID Node ID

  29. Network ID Node ID 205 . 208 . 113 . 5 IP Address 255 . 255 . 255 . 000 Subnet Mask

  30. Manually configuring TCP/IP • IP address of each node • Subnet mask • Default gateway IP address • DNS server IP address

  31. Default Gateway • The gateway to the world outside your own network. • Usually a router. • Routers interconnect networks. • Networks outside your own are accessible through the default gateway.

  32. DNS Server • DNS stands for Domain Name Service. • Allows you to use domain names like www.nasa.gov or www.ford.com. • Converts domain names into IP addresses.

  33. Automatically configuring TCP/IP. • DHCP server • Windows Auto-configure or Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)

  34. DHCP Server automatically provides: • IP address • Subnet mask • Default gateway address • DNS addresses

  35. Windows Auto-configure • Used when a DHCP server cannot be found. • Windows supplies an IP address and a subnet mask. • Formally called Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA).

  36. Recognizing Auto-configuration. • IP address: 169.254.000.001 through 169.254.255.254 • Subnet mask: 255.255.000.000

  37. Automatic Private IP Addressing(APIPA) • Allows computers in a small LAN to communicate without any other IP address configuration. • The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) reserves 169.254.0.0 through 169.254.255.255 for this purpose.

  38. Two TCP/IP Tools • IPCONFIG • PING

  39. IPCONFIG • Windows command-line utility. • Displays the current TCP/IP configuration.

  40. Ping • A TCP/IP utility that is used to verify connectivity between two hosts. • It determines if a destination is reachable and if it is responding. • Sends an echo request message to a host. • The host returns the message, verifying the connection.

  41. C:\>ping 204.146.80.99 Ping Command IP Address

  42. ping 204.146.80.99 IP Address Bytes Time Time- to-Live

  43. C:\>ping www.ibm.com Ping Command URL or Host Name

  44. IP Address

  45. End

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