1. Who was Charlemagne and what dynasty did he belong to?

1. 1. Who was Charlemagne and what dynasty did he belong to? 2. During the fall of Rome and the many invasions, what provided order and security for people? 3. What is a fief? What was its significance? 4. What is the feudal system based on? 5. How did Charlemagne spread Christianity?

2. European Middle Ages Section 1 & 2 World History

3. 1 What was the period from 500 to 1500 in which a new society emerged called? • Middle Ages

4. 2 Germanic invaders overran the western part of the Roman Empire resulting in changes. What were some of these changes? • Disruption of trade, downfall of cities, population shifts

5. 3 Why did learning decline in Rome during this period of time? • Germanic invaders could not read or write and many Romans moved to rural areas where there was little to know education.

6. 4 What occurred to the use of a common language in Northern Europe? • Latin, which had been the common language changed as German speaking people mixed with the Roman population. Different dialects developed and by the 800s, French and Spanish had developed.

7. 5 During the fall of Rome and the many invasions, what provided order and security for people? • The Church, as an institution, survived the fall of the Roman Empire and provided order and security.

8. 6 Who held power in the Roman province of Gaul? Who was the leader? • The Franks held power in Gaul (mainly what is now France and Switzerland) • The leader was Clovis and he would bring Christianity to the region.

9. 7 Why did Clovis spread Christianity? What church welcomed Clovis? • His wife urged him to become Christian and in 496, Clovis was in battle with his warriors and appeared to be at the edge of defeat. Clovis appealed to the Christian God and begged to be delivered from his enemies. The battle turned around and Clovis won. Clovis and his warriors were all baptized after the battle. • The Roman Catholic Church.

10. 8 What were missionaries? • Religious travelers who spread Christianity, often risking their own well-being to spread their religion.

11. 9 What are monasteries? What role did they play in education? • Monasteries were religious communities established to adapt to rural conditions. Men, called monks, gave up their possessions and devoted their lives to God. Monasteries were Europe’s best educated communities. Monks opened schools, maintained libraries and copied books.

12. 10 In what way did Pope Gregory I expand the power of the papacy, or the pope’s office? • He broadened it’s authority by becoming involved in politics. The papacy became worldly, or secular. Pope Gregory I used church revenues to raise armies, repair roads, and help the poor. He also negotiated peace treaties.

13. 11 After the Roman Empire dissolved, what was the largest and strongest kingdom of Europe? • After the Roman Empire dissolved, small kingdoms sprang up. The largest of these kingdoms was the Franks located in what was formerly the province of Gaul.

14. 12 By 700, who had become the most powerful person in the Frankish Kingdom? • An official known as the mayor of the palace became the most powerful person in the Frankish Empire. Officially, he was in charge of the royal household and estates. Unofficially, he led the armies and made policy.

15. 13 Who was Charles Martel and what made him a Christian hero? • In 719, Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) was the mayor and held more power than the king. His victory at Tours which defeated Muslim raiders from Spain and kept western Europe from becoming Muslim, made him a Christian hero.

16. 14 Who was Charlemagne and what dynasty did he belong to? • He was the Roman Emperor. He became the most powerful king in western Europe. He belonged to the Carolingian Dynasty which ruled the Franks from 751 – 987.

17. 15 What historic thing did Pope Leo III do to Charlemagne? • He crowned Charlemagne emperor on Christmas day 800. This gave the pope the political right to give the title “Roman Emperor” on a European king.

18. 16 What did the breakdown of Charlemagne’s empire after his death lead to? • European feudalism

19. 17 What led the Vikings to stop invading Europe? • The Vikings became Christians.

20. 18 Due to all the invasions occurring in Europe, kings could not effectively defend their lands from invasion. What was the result of this? • People turned to local rulers who had their own armies. This eventually led to feudalism.

21. What is the feudal system based on? 19

22. What is the feudal system based on? 20 • Rights and obligations

23. 21 What is a fief? What was its significance? • A fief is land that is granted to a vassal. It is given to insure that the vassal will give military protection to the lord.

24. 22 Describe how the feudal system was set up. • In exchange for military service a lord granted a fief to a vassal.

25. 23 What part of the social class did most people in the feudal system belong to? • Most people were peasants and most peasants were serfs. Serfs were people who could not lawfully leave the lord’s land.

26. 24 What were the rights and obligations in the manor system? • The lord provided the serfs with housing, farmland and protection and in return the serfs tended to the lords lands and other tasks to maintain the lord’s estate.

27. 25 What does the statement that the manor was mostly self-sufficient mean? • Most everything that was needed was produced at the manor.

28. 26 What was life like for the peasants of the manor? Give an example. • Life was harsh for the peasants. Examples vary but one example is that the peasants paid a tax on all grain ground in the lords mill and any attempt to avoid taxes by baking bread elsewhere was a crime.

29. 27 What is a tithe? • It is a church tax which would equal one-tenth of the peasants income

30. 28 Why did serfs and peasants accept their life the way it was? • They believed that God determined a person’s place in society.