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PRESENT TENSE

PRESENT TENSE. PREPARED BY: VARIA V. VIRDAUS, M.A. Simple Present Tense is used: adapted from Betty s. azar. When you are referring to habitual actions--actions that you always or never do Ex: He always comes late to class. When you are referring to unchanging truths

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PRESENT TENSE

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  1. PRESENT TENSE PREPARED BY: VARIA V. VIRDAUS, M.A.

  2. Simple Present Tense is used:adapted from Betty s. azar • When you are referring to habitual actions--actions that you always or never do Ex: He always comes late to class. • When you are referring to unchanging truths Ex: The sun rises in the east. • When you are making general statements of fact Ex: They are friendly.

  3. Indicatorsadapted from Betty s. azar

  4. Formadapted from Betty s. azar

  5. Diagram--time on a lineadapted from Betty s. azar NOW X X X X X X X X X X Future Past

  6. Basic pattern: Using Verb  (+) S + V1 (simple form) (- ) S + do/does + NOT + V1 (?) Do/does + S + V1 Example: (+) Dina walks to campus everyday. (-) Dina does not walk to the campus everyday. (?) Does Dina walk to campus everyday?

  7. I , You, They, We  Do ( hanya dalam kalimat negatif dan tanya!) She, He, It, Andi, Lia, father, mother, etc  Does (hanya dalam kalimat negatif dan tanya!)

  8. Using Non-Verb  (+) S + To Be (is, am, are) + Non-verb ( -) S + To Be + NOT + Non-verb (?) To Be + S + Non-Verb Note: “Non-verb” can be “Adjective, and Noun” Example: (+) She isbeautiful.  (Beautiful merupakan kata sifat) (-) She is not beautiful. (?) Is she beautiful?

  9. I  am You  are They  are We  are She  is He  is It  is Ali  is Liza  is

  10. STRUCTURE FOCUS 1 Verb ‘to be’ in the Simple Present Tense What are the three patterns for the use of the verb ‘to be’ or linking verb, in the simple present tense? They are: I. SUBJECT TO BE PREDICATE NOUN His wife is a public prosecutor. Mr. Kismo is an Attorney General.

  11. II. SUBJECT TO BE PREDICATE ADJECTIVE The Attorney General is short and fat. He is intelligent. The judges are tired (letih).

  12. III. SUBJECT TO BE PREDICATE ADVERB The Chief Justice is from central Java. His children are at the university. His wife is at home.

  13. ‘To Be’ is also used with the expletive there as substitute subject. Note that in a sentence with expletive there, the verb agrees with the actual subject that follows it. EXPLETIVE TO BE SUBJECT There are students in the class. There is a lawyer on the board of trustees (dewan pengawas). There are two members of the city council here today.

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