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Harvestmen (Opiliones) of Canada. Robert Holmberg Centre for Science Athabasca University Athabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, Canada E-mail: robert@athabasu.ca. 17 th International Congress of Arachnology, Brazil, 2007. Harvestmen as They Appear to Most People. Characteristics of Opiliones.
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Harvestmen (Opiliones) of Canada Robert Holmberg Centre for Science Athabasca University Athabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, Canada E-mail: robert@athabasu.ca 17th International Congress of Arachnology, Brazil, 2007
Characteristics of Opiliones • prosoma and opisthosoma broadly fused • no venom nor silk glands • no extra-oral digestion • tracheal respiration • 3rd largest arachnid order Palpatores, Phalangiidae: Rilaena triangularis from Hillyard & Sankey 1989
Characteristics of Opiliones • 2 medial eyes • palps leg-like, swollen, or raptorial • chelate chelicerae Palpatores, Sabaconidae: Sabacon #1 by Nadine Duperre
Characteristics of Opiliones • pair of scent glands Palpatores, Phalangiidae: Phalangium opilio; from Holmberg 1970
Characteristics of Opiliones • sperm transfer by penis • females with ovipositor Palpatores, Phalangiidae:Oligolophus tridensfrom V. Silhavy 1956
Opiliones of Canada – West Coast & Mountains Laniatores
Taracus sp. – very large chelicerae Photo: D.J. Buckle
Dendrolasma mirabilis – hood area Photo by Aldo Pelegrin
Nelima paessleri – overwintering behaviour From Holmberg et al., 1984.
Distributions & Habitats:patchy knowledge for most species Palpatores, Sclerosomatidae Togwoteeus biceps; from Holmberg & Cokendolpher, 1997
Species Introductions to Canada Female (above) and male (to the right) of Phalangium opilio Photo; D.J. Buckle
Introductions from Europe Opilio parietinus female