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Le Subjonctif

Le Subjonctif. French 3, Chapter 4. I. Definition.

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Le Subjonctif

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  1. Le Subjonctif French 3, Chapter 4

  2. I. Definition • The subjunctive is a MOOD. The indicative mood expresses certainty or reality and states facts. The subjunctive mood expresses uncertainty and doubt, necessity, commands, desires, fears, and suppositions or conditions that are contrary to fact. The subjunctive, while occuring frequently in Romance languages, is not used much in English.

  3. II. Formation • A. Start by going to the ils/elles form of a verb and drop the –ent from the end. (Short cut  for REGULAR verbs, drop the last 2 letters, -ir verbs will add –iss). • B. Add on the following endings: • Je – e Nous - ions • Tu – es Vous - iez • il/elle/on – e Ils/Elles - ent

  4. EXAMPLE Nous / regarder (subjunctive) • Present tense: • Ils regardent To make subjunctive, start with: regard Nous regard ions

  5. III. Spelling Changes • A. Verbs with 2 STEMS (boot verbs) • Devoir: je/tu/il,elle,on/ils,elles – doiv- nous/vous – dev- • Prendre: je/tu/il,elle,on/ils,elles – prenn- • nous/vous – pren- • Voir: je/tu/il,elle,on/ils,elles – voi- • nous/vous – voy- • Boire: je/tu/il,elle,on/ils,elles – boiv- • nous/vous – buv-

  6. Boot verbs, cont’d • Croire: je/tu/il,elle,on/ils,elles – croi- nous/vous – croy- • Recevoir: je/tu/il,elle,on/ils,elles – reçoiv- nous/vous – recev- • Venir: je/tu/il,elle,on/ils,elles – vienn- nous/vous – ven-

  7. -yer verbs • Verbs like payer, envoyer, ennuyer, etc will change the y to i in the boot (je,tu, il,elle,on,ils,elles) but leave the y in the nous and vous forms. • EX: j’envoie, nous envoyions

  8. Mute e verbs: • Verbs like acheter, amener, emmener, etc. with a mute e before a consonant will accent that e with anaccent grave in the boot: • EX: j’achète, nous achetions

  9. Appeler and jeter (and their friends) • These verbs are also mute e verbs but instead of an accent change, they double the consonant following the mute e in the boot: • EX: j’appelle, nous appelions

  10. Double accent verbs • A verb like préférer with double aigus will change the second aigu to a grave. • EX: Je préfère, nous préférions

  11. IV. Irregular Verbs in the Subjunctive • Verbs with ONE Stem: Start with irregular stem and add regular endings. • Faire – fass- • Pouvoir – puiss- • Savoir – sach- • *Only in il forms: falloir – il faille pleuvoir – il pleuve

  12. Irregular Verbs with 2 Stems:(Some have irregular endings) • ALLER • J’ailleNous allions • Tu aillesVous alliez • Il/elle/on aille Ils/elles aillent • AVOIR • J’aieNous ayons • Tu aiesVous ayez • Il/elle/on ait Ils/elles aient

  13. Irregulars, 2 stems cont’d • ETRE • Je sois Nous soyons • Tu sois Vous soyez • Il/elle/on soit Ils/elles soient • VOULOIR • Je veuille Nous voulions • Tu veuilles Vous vouliez • Il/elle/on veuille Ils/elles veuillent

  14. V. Que • Verbs in the subjunctive are almost always preceeded by the word que (that, in English). • There are 6 cases in which the subjunctive is required.

  15. CASE 1 - OBLIGATION • The following expressions of obligation require the subjunctive mood: Il faut que Il est essentiel que Il est urgent que Il est indispensable que Il est utile que Il est nécessaire que EX: Il est nécessaire que tu reçoives un A en français! *Practice Exercises – Review Sheet #10

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