1 / 16

AH Biology: Unit 1 Proteomics and Protein Structure 1

AH Biology: Unit 1 Proteomics and Protein Structure 1. Proteomics. Proteonomics LOs:. The proteome is larger than the genome due to RNA splicing and post-transitional modification. As a result of gene expression not all genes are expressed as proteins in a particular cell.

catanzaro
Download Presentation

AH Biology: Unit 1 Proteomics and Protein Structure 1

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. AH Biology: Unit 1 Proteomics and Protein Structure 1 Proteomics

  2. Proteonomics LOs: • The proteome is larger than the genome due to RNA splicing and post-transitional modification. • As a result of gene expression not all genes are expressed as proteins in a particular cell. • The proteome is the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome. • While DNA sequencing and microarray technology allow the routine analysis of the genome and transcriptome, the analysis of the proteome is far more complex.

  3. Think • What is the proteome? • What codes for the proteome? • How will we figure out how the proteome works? • Why is it important that we understand the proteome? • What are the applications of this technology to mankind in the future?

  4. Think back to higher…… • What is the genome? • The genome of an organism is the entire hereditary information encoded in DNA. • It is made up of genes and other DNA sequences that do not code for proteins (i.e. introns and exons).

  5. Proteomics • The proteome is the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome. It is larger than the genome due to RNA splicing and post-transitional modification. • Activation and inactivation of genes • Transcription animation • Translation animation

  6. RNA splicing

  7. RNA splicing (revision) • When mRNA is transcribed in eukaryotic cells it is composed of introns and exons. • Introns are the non-coding sequence of the mRNA and will not be expressed in the protein molecule. They are spliced out (removed) from the mRNA. • Exons are the coding sequence and will be expressed in the protein molecule. • RNA splicing in detail.

  8. Post-translational modification (revision) • Post-translational modification is the alteration of the protein after translation • Post-translational modification occurs in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and target site of the protein. • Post-translational modification can involve • 1. the addition of chemical groups • 2. the covalent cleavage of the polypeptide

  9. Post-translational modification • These modifications give the proteins specific functions and target the proteins to specific areas within the cell and the whole organism.

  10. RNA splicing and post-translational modification • RNA splicing and post-translational modification results in the proteome being larger than the genome. • One gene may code for many proteins. • The proteome may be as many as three orders of magnitude (103) larger than the genome. • Human genome = 30,000 genes. • Human proteome > 100,000 proteins.

  11. Analysis of the genome • While DNA sequencing and microarray technology allow the routine analysis of the genome and transcriptome, the analysis of the proteome is far more complex. • Genome analysis involves the following techniques: • Sanger sequencing in detail • gel electrophoresis • cycle sequencing • microarray in detail.

  12. The Transcriptome • A transcriptome is the full range of messenger RNA, or mRNA, molecules expressed by an organism. • While the genome is stable, the transcriptome actively changes. In fact, an organism's transcriptome varies depending on many factors, including stage of development and environmental conditions.

  13. Analysis of the proteome • This is a complex process as the proteins expressed differ from cell to cell and within the life cycle of the cell. • In a multicellular organism all the different cell types throughout the lifetime of the organism would have to be sampled in order to determine all the possible proteins expressed. • Proteomics technologies and cancer.

  14. Think • What is the proteome? • What codes for the proteome? • How will we figure out how the proteome works? • Why is it important that we understand the proteome? • What are the applications of this technology to mankind in the future?

  15. Proteonomics Key Concepts: • The ____________ is larger than the genome due to RNA splicing and post-transitional modification. • As a result of gene expression not all genes are expressed as __________ in a particular cell. • The proteome is the entire set of __________ expressed by a genome. • While DNA sequencing and microarray technology allow the routine analysis of the ____________ and ___________, the analysis of the proteome is far more complex.

  16. Proteonomics Key Concepts: • The proteomeis larger than the genome due to RNA splicing and post-transitional modification. • As a result of gene expression not all genes are expressed as proteins in a particular cell. • The proteome is the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome. • While DNA sequencing and microarray technology allow the routine analysis of the genome and transcriptome, the analysis of the proteome is far more complex.

More Related