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Annamari Antikainen-Kokko Åbo Akademi Centrum för Sydostasiatiska Studier

Annamari Antikainen-Kokko Åbo Akademi Centrum för Sydostasiatiska Studier. Kaakkois-Aasian poliittishallinnolliset järjestelmät 21.3.2000. Contents. What is Southeast Asia? Pre-colonial Southeast Asia, political tradition Colonial influence, emergence of the new state

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Annamari Antikainen-Kokko Åbo Akademi Centrum för Sydostasiatiska Studier

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  1. Annamari Antikainen-KokkoÅbo AkademiCentrum för Sydostasiatiska Studier Kaakkois-Aasian poliittishallinnolliset järjestelmät 21.3.2000

  2. Contents • What is Southeast Asia? • Pre-colonial Southeast Asia, political tradition • Colonial influence, emergence of the new state • Present day Southeast Asia, legitimacy of the state

  3. What is Southeast Asia? • Geographic description • Cultural, linguistic, religious diversity • World War II definition • Cold War division • ASEAN-10

  4. I. Pre-colonial Southeast Asia • Buddhist Kings • Vietnamese Emperors • Malay Sultans • Javanese Kings • Barangay societies in the Philippines

  5. State-sangha relations

  6. II. Colonial influence • Spanish Philippines • French Vietnam • Dutch East Indies • British Malaya • Siam during colonial period

  7. New elite under colonial rule • careerists, job-hunters • associationists, bridge-builders • constitutionalists, emerging bourgeoisie • revolutionaries, masses and their demands

  8. Spanish Philippines • Crown and the Cross • Propaganda movement, Katipunan • Federalista Party • Nacionalista Party • Hukbalapah

  9. French Vietnam • Annam, Tonkin, Cochinchina • Parti Constitutionaliste, 1917 • Viet Nam Quo Dan Dang • Dong Duong Cong San Dang, 1929 • Viet Minh, 1941 • Lao Dong, 1954 • Can Dao Nhan Vi Cach Manh Dang • Front National De Liberation, FNL

  10. British Malaya • Federated Malay States (FMS), Unfederated Malay States (UMS) • Kesatuan Melayu Muda • Malay Association,1938 • United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) • Malayan Communis Party, MCP, 1930

  11. Dutch East Indies • Regents; Lurah; Batavia • santri, abangan, priyayi • Sarekat Islam • Perserikatan Kommunis Indonesia, PKI • Perserikatan Nasional Indonesia; PNI • Partai Rakyat Indonesia

  12. Colonial Siam • Economic concessions, administrative reform • 1932 Constitutional monarchy

  13. III. Legitimacy of the state • State philosophy • Constitution • Political Leaders • Parliament • Political parties • Political processes • Army

  14. State philosophy in Southeast Asia • Brunei: National Philosophy of Melayu Islam Beraja (Malay Islamic Monarchy dating from 100 AD) • Cambodia: "pluralist liberal democracy" • Indonesia: National Philosophy of "Panca Sila" (five principles), "Unity in Diversity” • Laos: "multi-sector" market economy • Malaysia: National Philosophy of Rukunegara

  15. Pancasila (1945) • Belief in the one and only God • Just and civilised humanity • Unity of Indonesia • Democracy guided by the inner wisdom in the unanimity arising out of deliberations amongst the representatives • Social justice for the whole of the people of Indonesia

  16. Rukunegara (1969)

  17. Present constitutions in Southeast Asia • Brunei: 1959 Constitution • Cambodia: 1993 Constitution • Indonesia: 1945 • Laos: 1991 Constitution • Malaysia: 1957 Constitution • Myanmar: 1974 • Philippines: 1987 Constitution • Singapore: 1959 Constitution • Thailand: 1997 Constitution • Vietnam: 1992 Constitution

  18. Constitutional Governments in Southeast Asia • Kingdoms: Cambodia, Thailand • Republics: Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore • Socialist: Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Lao People's Democratic Republic • Without definition: Brunei, Malaysia, Myanmar

  19. Head of State and Government • Kingdoms: King and Prime Minister • Republics: President (and Prime Minister) • Socialist: President, Prime Minister and Communist Party • Brunei and Malaysia: Yang di Pertuan (and Sultan/Prime Minister) • Myanmar: : Chairman of State, Peace and Development Council and Prime Minister

  20. Legislatures in Southeast Asia • Cambodia: National Assembly • Indonesia: House of Representatives • Laos: National Assembly • Malaysia: House of Representatives • Philippines: House of Representatives • Singapore: Parliament • Thailand: National Assembly • Vietnam: National Assembly • Brunei and Myanmar: none

  21. Parties/Political Organisationsin Southeast Asia • None: Myanmar • One party: Brunei, Brunei National Solidarity Party; Vietnam: Communist Party of Vietnam (Dang Cong San VietNam • several: Laos: with a special role provided in Constitution for the Lao People's Revolutionary Party; Malaysia: the ruling coalition Barisan National (BN) under the leadership of UMNO (Baru) since 1974; Singapore: People's Action Party (PAP) ruling since 1959 • Many: Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand

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