解讀奧林匹克精神

1. 解讀奧林匹克精神 “Doping in Sport” 運動違規用藥

2. Drug Race Workshop • List 7-10 reasons on ‘Why drugs-taking is wrong? (5 min) • Race starts!

3. Review Parry’s paper • Q: Can you counter those reasons? 1. Because drugs enhance performance 增進表現

4. Review Parry’s paper 1. Because drugs enhance performance • not all drugs enhance • new technology (fiber glass, shoes...) • resources distribution • weight training

5. Review Parry’s paper • Q: Can you counter those reasons? 2. Because (some) drugs allow athletes to train harder 訓練更加努力

6. Review Parry’s paper 2. Because (some) drugs allow athletes to train harder • job of sports medic • athletes’ wish- to train harder

7. Review Parry’s paper • Q: Can you counter those reasons? 3. Because drugs are unnatural 不自然

8. Review Parry’s paper 3. Because drugs are unnatural • steroids: derivatives of the hormone testosterone - occur naturally in the body • weight training is ‘unnatural’? • Many legitimate medications- not nature • sport itself is unnatural • ‘nature’ is too vague

9. Review Parry’s paper • Q: Can you counter those reasons? 4. Because their use forces others to use them 群起效應

10. Review Parry’s paper 4. Because their use forces others to use them • No one is forced to become a pro (Bob) • too broad - e.g. study harder • top A knows what they want (intensive training)

11. Review Parry’s paper • Q: Can you counter those reasons? 5. Because they are harmful 有害

12. Review Parry’s paper 5. Because they are harmful • some adventure sports could also be harmful (mountain climbing, hand-gliding) • no real evidence shows steroids harmful

13. Review Parry’s paper • Q: Can you counter those reasons? 6. Because they are illegal 不合法

14. Review Parry’s paper 6. Because they are illegal • alcohol is a killer, but it is legal • tobacco is a killer too - more than steroids.

15. Review Parry’s paper Another approach: What are the dangers of introducing a ban 1. Loss of medical benefits 2. Paternalism 3. Infringement of liberties

16. Review Parry’s paper 1. Loss of medical benefits (失去醫療效果) • recreational drugs • recovered drugs • purpose and intention

17. Review Parry’s paper 2. Paternalism (父權主義) Mill’s harm principle: “that the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized communities, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. His own good, either physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant.” • smoke, drink to death - personal choice • sports chiefs have no right to interfere with adults

18. Review Parry’s paper 3. Infringement of liberties (自由侵犯) • individual free choice • any ban would require enforcement, which entails the introduction of apparatus, procedures & timetable of testing.

19. Critique on Parry’s paper • Unethical: ‘obvious’ unethical vs. ‘hidden’ unethical issues/reasons • Combination of the above reasons • Humanism and sport

20. 問題討論 • Group project: 1. What is performance-enhancing drug? 2. Why should such substances not be allowed, particularly in a noble mutually quest for excellence?

21. 問題討論 3. In terms of the consistancy argument, why is taking drugs different than other practices that may be dangerous, coercive, constraining, unfair biologically, or dehumanizing? 4. Is paternalistic interference justified? 5. Are privacy-invasive testing procedures justifiable?