TOP 5 CANCERS FOR MEN OVER 50

1. TOP 5 CANCERS FOR MEN OVER 50 DR SAI RAJENDRA MS MCPS FAIS CONSULTANT SURGICAL ONCOLOGIST BASAVATARAKAM INDO AMERICAN CANCER HOSPITAL

2. LIFE STYLE DISEASES & HEALTH • 1900 – 1940 : pneumonia / influenza , TB , diarrhea / enteritis – 60% infectious diseases. Heart – 4th ,& cancer 8th ,leading cause of death. • 1940 – 1990 : heart disease, cancer & 60 % degenerative diseases ( diabetes, cirrhosis, kidney failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases )

3. Lifestyle diseases at present times • Hypertension • Diabetes • Heart attack • Stroke – cerebaro vascular accidents • Cancer Obesity – malnutrition- diet related problems

4. TOP 5 CANCERS • PROSTATE CANCER • LUNG CANCER • COLON AND RECTUM CANCER • BLADDER CANCER • MELANOMA / HEAD & NECK CANCER

5. PROSTATE CANCER RISK FACTORS • Age : > 50 yrs most cases over age 68 • Family history: grandfather, father or brother have had prostate cancer • Race : african american more likely than white mates • High fat diet • Obesity

6. Prostate cancer screening • PSA : prostate specific antigen, test should be given annually beginning at age 50 • DRE : digital rectal examination, test should be given annually beginning at age 50 for men of average risk, age 45 or younger for men a high risk • TRUS : trans rectal ultrasound • FNA : fine needle aspiration

8. LUNG CANCER RISK FACTORS • SMOKING : secondhand smoke can increase the risk of lung cancer • GENETICS : certain gene mutations & family history of lung cancer • EXPOSURE to asbestos

9. LUNG CANCER WARNING SYMPTOMS • Cough that does not go away • Chest pain, often made worse by deep breathing, coughing or laughing • Hoarseness • Weight loss & loss of appetite • Bloody or rust colored sputum (spit) • Shortness of breath • Infections such as bronchitis & pneuomonitis that keep coming back • Wheezing

11. LUNG CANCER SCREENING LUNG IS DIFFICULT TO DETECT BECAUSE MOST SYMPTOMS DO NOT APPEAR UNTIL LATE STAGE. SCREENING ( CHEST X-RAYS , CT SCANS & MRI ) MAY BE USED FOR HIGH RISK INDIVIDUALS TO DETECT ABNORMAL AREAS IN LUNG . SPUTUM CYTOLOGY , BRONCHOSCOPY AND BIOPSY

12. Colorectal cancer

13. COLON & RECTUM CANCER ( COLORECTAL ) RISK FACTORS • Age : 90 % of cases occur in people over 50 • Genetic mutations • Family history : grandfather, father or brother had colorectal cancer • Previous colorectal cancer : if you’ve had cancer removed already, you are at a highier risk to get a new one • Inflamatory bowel disease : chron’s disease or ulcerative colitis for several years, highier risk to get colorectal cancer

14. RISK FOCTORS COLORECTA CANCER cont. • Certain lifestyle factors appear to raise the risk of colorectal cancer : • Drinking more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day • Obesity • Smoking • Diabetes • A high fat diet, with mostly red meat

15. Change in bowel habits Blood in Stool Bright red Very dark red Black/Tarry Stool Diarrhea Constipation Does your bowel feel like it emptied completely? General abdominal discomfort Gas pains Bloating Fullness Cramps Weight loss w/ no explained reason Constant tiredness Vomiting (coffee grounds) Signs & Symptoms

16. COLORECTAL CANCERS SCREENING Beginning at age 50, men who are at average risk for developing cancer should have one of the following : • Fecal occult blood : test to be done once a year • Double contrast barium enema : once every 5 years , instead of fecal occult blood • Colonoscopy : every 10 years, now we have a option of CT virtual colonoscopy • Flexible sigmoidscopy: once every 5 years

18. Results • Negative = no abnormalities are found • Positive = abnormalities found, such as polyps. • If positive you may be scheduled for further testing.

19. How can I prevent colorectal cancer ? • Early screening • Eating like hunter-gatherer cut back on red meat • Getting off the couch 30 minutes of activity 5 days a week • Quit smoking • Limit drinking

20. BLADDER CANCER RISK FACTORS • Smoking • Gender : three times more common in men • Occupation : working in dye, rubber, leather print or paint industry • Exposure to arsenic in drinking water • Chronic bladder conditions ( stone or infection)

21. BLADDER CANCER SCREENING Screening is done only in people with nigh risk and those who have previously had urinary bladder cancer. It is often diagnosed by examining cells in urine under a microscope or urine cytology, and by inspecting the bladder with a cystoscopy( a slender tube fitted with a lens & light that is inserted into the bladder through the urethra ie. Urine passage )

23. MELANOMA RISK FACTORS • Prior melanoma • Family history of melanoma • Large number of moles • Sun sensitivity : people with fair skin & who are sensitive to sun • Excessive exposure to sun • Diseases that suppress the immune system

25. MELNOMA SCREENING • Regular head to toe examinations : follow the ABCs. Look for Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color ( uneven pigmentation ) and a diameter greater than 6 mm. if you notice any changes or suspicious moles, call your doctor. • If you are considered high risk, consider having an annual clinical examination by a dermatologist

26. Oral cancer • Tobacco – smoking , chewing , paste , tooth powder , snuff. • Alcohol – when added to tobacco the risk is 6 times more • Men more common then women • HPV virus • Sharp tooth , ill fitting denture , bad oral hygiene

27. Oral cavity examination needs good illumination & finger to palpate

29. RED FORMULA • Reduce :risk • Recognize : symptoms • Respond: see your doctor

30. Health screening – Men – age 40-64 • Screen for diseases • Assess risk for future medical problems • Help develop a healthy lifestyle • Update vaccinations • Maintain a relationship with a doctor in case of a illness

31. Check for TEN potential problems • 1. Hypertension – every 2 years till 40 , then once a year. • 2. Blood sugar • 3. Cholesterol – after 34 every 5 years • 4. Colon cancer screening • 5. Dental examination

32. Check for ten potential problems • 6. Eye exam – every 2 years • 7. Immunization – flu vaccine every year & hepatitis B • 8. Osteoporosis – age 50 – 70 • 9.Prostate cancer screening • 10. Preventive health visit every 2 yrs until 50 then once a year : check height & weight , screen for alcohol & tobacco use , screen for depression

33. DID YOU KNOW ? People who maintain a healthy life style, including exercising regularly, eating right, having an active social network and avoid smoking, can outlive their peers by an average of 5.4 years BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL

34. EAT HEALTHY

35. EXERCISE

36. DID YOU KNOW ? PEOPLE LIVING IN WALKABLE NEIGHBOURHOODS TEND TO BE MORE PHYSICALLY ACTIVE AND HAVE A COSIDERABLY LOWER RISK OF DIADETES THAN THOSE LIVING IN THE LEAST WALKABLE COMMUNITIES. DIABETES CARE

37. Thank you Q & A