Punctuation Marks

1. Chapter Sixteen Punctuation Marks

2. End Marks • A sentence always begins with a capital letter. It always • a period • a question mark, or • an exclamation point. ENDS WITH

3. Period (.) Use a period after a sentence that makes a statement. Sam is seven feet tall. Use a period after most abbreviations. Dr. Butcher M.D. Ms. Marple A.M.

4. Question Mark (?) Use a question mark after a direct question. “What color is that Martian?” Ed asked. Do not use a question mark after an indirect question. Sue asked how Ed’s therapy was going.

5. Exclamation Point (!) Use an exclamation point after a word or sentence that expresses strong feeling. Wow! This liver is tasty!

6. Colon (:) • The colon is often a mark of introduction. Use the colon at the end of a COMPLETE statement to do the following: 1. Introduce a list which explains the complete statement. EXAMPLE:The music store sells a wide variety of items: compact discs, cassettes, and clothes.

7. Colon (:) 2. Introduce a long quotation. EXAMPLE:The policy is stated on the door: All our merchandise is considered valuable. Those who enter this store are responsible for their behavior. This includes children, who must be supervised. If any customer damages any merchandise, he must pay for it.

8. SEMICOLON (;) • Thesemicolonis used to join two complete thoughts that are so closely connected that you want to write them as one sentence. Marty was not a cashier; he was a sales associate.

9. HYPHEN (-) There are two uses for the hyphen. 1 . With two or more words that act as a single unit describing a noun. The one-of-a-kind Christmas wreaths were very expensive. 2. To divide a word at the end of a line of writing or typing. The salespersons attended training sessions to in-sure that even when customers are antagonistic, the staff responds politely.

10. PARENTHESIS ( ) • Use parentheses to set off extra or incidental information from the rest of a sentence. In modern malls the food court (once a simple soda fountain) has become a meeting place for friends. • NOTE:Sometimes parentheses enclose letters or numbers that signal items in a series. • SPECIAL NOTE:DO NOT USE PARENTHESES TOO OFTEN. They can make you sound uncertain or hesitant.

11. Punctuation Review Insert punctuation where necessary. (Click to see the answer.) Americans debate whether the citizens could accept a woman as president yet women have ruled numerous countries throughout history. Answer: Americans debate whether the citizens could accept a woman as president, yet women have ruled numerous countries throughout history.

12. Punctuation Review Insert punctuation where necessary. When Octavian later known as the Roman Emperor Augustus declared war against Cleopatra and Mark Anthony the queen insisted on taking part in the military campaign. Answer:When Octavian (later known as the Roman Emperor Augustus) declared war against Cleopatra and Mark Anthony, the queen insisted on taking part in the military campaign.

13. Punctuation Review Insert punctuation where necessary. Mark Anthony who was deceived by a false report of the death of Cleopatra could not face life without her and committed suicide. Answer:-Personal preference -- either comma, parentheses, or even dashes. One good solution: Mark Anthony, who was deceived by a false report of the death of Cleopatra, could not face life without her and committed suicide. Note:There is no comma before the “and” because there are not two complete sentences.

14. Punctuation Review Insert punctuation where necessary. Catherine the Great was not the first empress of Russia named Catherine she was the second of that name. Answer:Catherine the Great was not the first empress of Russia named Catherine; she was the second of that name.

15. Punctuation Review Insert punctuation where necessary. Catherine the Great established new institutions in Russia the first Russian school for girls a medical college and health care for her subjects. Answer :Catherine the Great established new institutions in Russia: the first Russian school for girls, a medical college, and health care for her subjects.

16. Punctuation Review Insert punctuation where necessary. People believe that Marie Antoinette said Let them eat cake. Answer :People believe that Marie Antoinette said,“Let them eat cake.”

17. Punctuation Review Answer : , comma/ “open quote / ” closed quote Insert punctuation where necessary. • Kerry replied When the Habsburg family reigned in Europe, one very successful ruler was a woman. What was her name? Kerry replied___ ___When the Habsburg family reigned in Europe, one very successful ruler was a woman. What was her name?___

18. Punctuation Review Insert punctuation where necessary. Kerry replied When the Habsburg family reigned in Europe, one very successful ruler was a woman. What was her name? Answer:Kerry replied, “When the Habsburg family reigned in Europe, one very successful ruler was a woman. What was her name?”

19. Punctuation Review Insert punctuation where necessary. I always get confused Bernie said about Mary Queen of Scots. Answer:“I always get confused,”Bernie said, “about Mary Queen of Scots.”

20. Punctuation Review Insert punctuation where necessary. • Pocahontas was an influential character in American history our own princess. Pocahontas was an influential character in American history___ our own princess. Answer : - dash

21. Punctuation Review Insert punctuation where necessary. Pocahontas was an influential character in American history our own princess. Answer:Pocahontas was an influential character in American history – our own princess.