1 / 27

History and Culture of China: From Ancient Philosophies to Modern Developments

Explore the rich history and cultural legacy of China, from ancient philosophies like Confucianism and Taoism to the modern developments like the Communist era and economic reforms. Learn about dynastic cycles, dynasties like Han and Tang, foreign invasions, the Opium War, rise of Communism, and modernization efforts.

cathie
Download Presentation

History and Culture of China: From Ancient Philosophies to Modern Developments

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Physical Features Gobi Desert Kunlun Mts. Himalayan Mts. Huang He (Yellow) River Yangtze River

  2. Middle Kingdom/ Ethnocentrism • Mountains & Deserts in the north & west & Pacific in the east isolatedChina from outsiders • Ethnocentrism-China was the center of the world • All foreigners were Barbarians • Lacked interest in foreign cultures

  3. Confucianism Founded by Confucius 6th Century B.C. • Texts – Analects/ writings of Confucius • Filial Piety Respect for elders • 5 relationships Father/son, Ruler/subject, husband/wife, older brother/ younger brother, friend/friend

  4. Taoism Founded by Lao-tzu 3rd century BC • Tao- “The Way” of the universe • Live in Harmony with nature • Balance between Ying & Yang • Rejected government

  5. Legalism • Highly powerful government is the key to social order • Punishment for offenses should be severe

  6. Buddhism Siddartha Gautama 5th Century BC • Eightfold Path, ethical behavior & good deeds (Meditation) • Ultimate goal is Nirvana

  7. Dynastic Cycles • Rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties • Mandate of Heaven- Rule by divine right.

  8. Han Dynasty • 210BC-220 AD • Legalism/confucianism • Centralized government • Civil Service Exam

  9. Chin Dynasty • 221BC-210BC • Legalism/ unified China • Shi Huangdi • Burned rival books/regulated coinage • Unified Great Wall of China

  10. Tang Dynasty • 618-907 AD • Revived Confucianism • Expanded Trade (Silk Road) connected china to the Middle East

  11. Mongol Rule • Ruled China from 1279-1368AD • Mongols- Invaders from the north • Led by Genghis Khan • China first experienced foreign rule under Kublai Khan • Opened China to foreign contacts (Marco Polo)

  12. Opium War • Conflict between England & China over Opium Trade • Chinese easily defeated & forced to sign Treaty of Nanking • Gave Britain Island of Hong Kong & extraterritoriality • Right to live under own laws

  13. Mao & the Rise of Communists • Sun Yixian establishes republic of China 1911 • 3 Principles Nationalism, Democracy, livelihood • Chiang Kai Shek takes over leadership of Kuomintang (Nationalists) 1925

  14. Taiwan- the Republic of China Peoples Republic of China Mainland

  15. Mao & the Rise of Communists Civil War between Nationalists & Communists Mao Zedong & Communist defeat Nationalists under Chiang Kai Shek (Taiwan)

  16. Mao & the Rise of Communists Great Leap Forward- Program to increase industrial & Agricultural Output (Collectivization) Cultural Revolution- Renewal of Loyalty to Communism & purge China of non revolutionary forces

  17. Legacy of Mao • Leaders after Mao are more moderate • UN membership in 1971 • President Nixon visits China in 1972 • US Recognizes China in 1979

  18. 4 Modernizations • Leader: Deng Xiaoping promoted foreign trade and contact with western World • 4 modernizations: Industry,Farming, • Science & technology, • Defense. • Eliminated communes

  19. Economic Reform: supported capitalist ideas but remained strongly Communist • Tiananmen Square- 1989 student uprising in May 1989 1000’s killed or wounded. 10,000 arrested • Human rights violations still a huge issue

  20. China in the 1990's • Leader Jiang Zemin (1997-today) • Economically open/ politically closed • Transfer of Hong Kong (1997) from British control • Agreed not to change Hong Kong’s political or economic system for 50 years

More Related