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Literature. In the Elementary and the Middle School. Overview. Literacy Development Listening Skills Oral Language Written Language Technology Parental Involvement Integration of Language. Introduction. Study of Literature 4 Skills of Communication Reading & Comprehension
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Literature In the Elementary and the Middle School English LanguageArts & Reading
Overview • Literacy Development • Listening Skills • Oral Language • Written Language • Technology • Parental Involvement • Integration of Language English LanguageArts & Reading
Introduction • Study of Literature • 4 Skills of Communication • Reading & Comprehension • Content Area • Fluency • Literature is Multifaceted English LanguageArts & Reading
Objectives The intern will • identify the relationship of literature to the language process • develop skills in using literature-based instructional strategies • define a wide range of literature from multimedia resources • become familiar with literacy genre, terms and devices English LanguageArts & Reading
Objectives • develop lessons which use a variety of higher level thinking skills • know a variety of questioning strategies used in analyzing literature • become proficient in using literacy strategies for literature and content area reading English LanguageArts & Reading
Language Development • Receptive Language • Listening • Reading • Expressive Language • Oral • Written English LanguageArts & Reading
Literature-Based Skills • Scaffolded Instruction • Modeling • Cooperative Learning • Choices Independent Reading Modes of Reading Prior Knowledge Responses to Literature English LanguageArts & Reading
Choosing Literature • Genre • Award–Winning Books • Listservs and Websites English LanguageArts & Reading
Literary Terms • Title • Author • Illustrator • Playwright • Theater • Stage Act Dialogue Scene Analogy Dialect English LanguageArts & Reading
Literary Devices • Foreshadowing • Flashback • Symbolism • Style Tone Mood Figurative Language Irony English LanguageArts & Reading
Enrichment Activities • Storytelling • Drama • Creative Drama • Puppetry • Music and Song English LanguageArts & Reading
Reading Strategies • Character • Setting • Plot • Comprehension • Compare and Contrast • Cause and Effect • Feelings Paint a Picture Prediction Retelling Conclusions Decisions Sequencing English LanguageArts & Reading
Literary Strategies • Paint a Picture • Yourself in My Shoes • Make Good Guesses • Storyteller • Figure Out • Judgment Order What and Why Alike and Different Character Web Story Map English LanguageArts & Reading
Questioning Strategies • Thought–Provoking • Question Starters • Higher-Level • Scheme • About a Novel Non-Fiction QAR Question Frames and Starters Classification Scheme English LanguageArts & Reading
IntegratedThematic Instruction • Definitions • Teacher Read Aloud • Literature Connection • Content Areas • Researched Materials English LanguageArts & Reading
Researched Materials • Format for Themes • Format for Lesson Plans • Bloom’s Taxonomy • Integrated Lesson Jigsaw Lesson Classroom Ideas Reading from the Internet English LanguageArts & Reading
Literary Strategies • Quick Write • What’s in a Picture • Question of the Day • K-W-L • 4 Square Vocabulary • 10 Important Words • Analogies • Teacher Read Aloud • From the Source English LanguageArts & Reading
Literary Strategies Do You Know Bridging Picture Books 5 Minute Book Talk Memory Box Explorer’s Kit VIP Maps Character Home Pages English LanguageArts & Reading
Quick Write • A short, focused writing in response to a specific prompt • Activates student’s prior knowledge • Provides a starting point for a lesson English LanguageArts & Reading
Quick Write Procedures • Teacher formulates a question related to the content. • Student responds in writing, usually 5 to 7 minutes. • The purpose is to express thoughts without concern for mechanics of writing. • When time expires, student shares his response with a partner or whole class. English LanguageArts & Reading
Quick Write Topic Activity Topic: The Poet You Like Best Literary Connection:Where the Sidewalk Ends by Shel Silverstein Content Connection: Language Arts Activity: Read several of the poems. Choose a topic and type of poem to write. Write your poem. Share your poem with the class. English LanguageArts & Reading
What’s in a Picture • Designed to use visual literacy (Imagery) • Heightens student interest and imagination English LanguageArts & Reading
What’s in a Picture Procedures • Describe the image. • What does it remind you of? • Speculate what the image is and how it is connected to the lesson on writing descriptive paragraphs. English LanguageArts & Reading
What’s in a Picture Topic Activity Topic: Do You See What I See? Literary Connection:There are Thoseby Nathan and Janet Levy Content Connection: Art and Language Arts Activity: Draw a picture and write a short story or poem about it. English LanguageArts & Reading
Question of the Day • An open-ended question designed to intrigue students • Use prior knowledge • See relevance of what they are learning English LanguageArts & Reading
Question of the Day Procedures • Write the question on the board or overhead. It must involve problem–solving and creativity. • Students respond in writing. They may include diagrams or drawings. • Teacher uses their responses as basis for class discussion to springboard into the day’s lesson. English LanguageArts & Reading
Question of the Day Topic Activity Topic: Ballet and Geometry Literary Connection:A Ballet Primer Content Area Connection: Writing Activity: How are Ballet and Geometry alike? Write or draw the answer in your journals. English LanguageArts & Reading
K – W – L • Provides a structure for active reading • Elicits student input English LanguageArts & Reading
K – W – L Procedures • Introduce KWL and KWLQ. • Brainstorm what they already know. • Record the information. • Generate a list of what they want to learn. • Read with a purpose. • List more questions they want to know. English LanguageArts & Reading
K – W – L Topic Activities Topic: Multiple intelligences Literary Connection:The Prince Activity: List all of the things you know about multiple intelligences on the KWL chart. List the things you want to know on the chart. Read the story aloud to the class. Relate the Prince’s challenges to each intelligence. English LanguageArts & Reading
4-Square Vocabulary • Is an interactive way to introduce key vocabulary words; • Based on verbal and visual associations; • Draws on personal experiences; and • Develops conceptual understanding of important terms. English LanguageArts & Reading
4-Square Vocabulary Procedures • Divide paper into four squares and number each section. • Write new vocabulary word in square 1. • Teacher presents word in context, giving definitions, verbal / visual examples and non-examples. • Generate and discuss their own verbal / visual examples. • In square 2, student writes an example from personal experience. English LanguageArts & Reading
4-Square Vocabulary Procedures • Teacher directs students to generate their own verbal / visual non-examples, writing a non-example in square 3. • In square 4, write definition of the term in their own words. • Check definition in dictionary. • Locate term in content being read. English LanguageArts & Reading
10 Most Important Words • Helps students be aware of the value of connections among key concepts. • Shows the importance of prior knowledge. English LanguageArts & Reading
10 Most Important Words Procedures • Introduce topics and discuss what they already know. • Students predict and list what they think the ten most important words will be. • Students will work in small groups to compare lists and agree on 10 words. • Students then read and finalize the list. English LanguageArts & Reading
10 Most Important Words Topic Activity Topic: Saving the Earth Literary Connection:50 Simple Things Kids Can Do to Save the Earth by John Javna Content Area Connection: Science Examples: List the 10 most important words or phrases. Some words might be: acid rain, air pollution, greenhouse effect, ozone hole, water pollution, endangered animals, toxic waste… English LanguageArts & Reading
Analogies • Comparison of something that is known with something new • Provides a preview of what is to be learned • Makes abstract concepts understood English LanguageArts & Reading
Analogies Procedures • Teacher presents several analogies related to the concept and models how they are developed. • From a list, students choose a concept. • Students explore the concept and record its elements, and characteristics. • Find a familiar concept that has elements that are parallel to the concept. • Develop the analogy. English LanguageArts & Reading
Analogies Topic Activity Topic: Politics and Sports Literary Connection: Current events in magazines, newspapers, or television Content Connection: Language Arts, Physical / Health Education English LanguageArts & Reading
Analogies Topic Activity Politicians often use sports analogies to get their messages across. Read and/or listen to their analogies. What message did it send about sports? Develop own analogies using sports compared with health concepts. Activity: Using the article from Time, develop an analogy about Vice–President Cheney’s heart and sports. English LanguageArts & Reading
Teacher Read Aloud • Creates interest and curiosity • Five minutes can set the stage for important ideas English LanguageArts & Reading
Teacher Read Aloud Procedures • Materials can be found anywhere. • Appropriate age, length, and writing style should be considered. • Practice a selection to know what words and phrases to emphasize. • Make reading dramatic. • Lead in to current topic. English LanguageArts & Reading
Teacher Read Aloud Topic Activity Topic: Geometry Literary Connection:Sir Cumference and the Round Table by Cindy Neuschwander Content Connection: Math Example: Read the book to initiate the Geometry vocabulary lesson and help students to understand and remember terms like radius, etc. English LanguageArts & Reading
From the Source • Uses quotations to stimulate interest • Quotations from a wide range of sources • Prompts students’ questions and predictions English LanguageArts & Reading
From the Source Procedures • Find a quotation from any multimedia source. • Display the quotation on the board or overhead. • Introduce it to the class. • Students respond to the quotation either orally or in writing. • Use their responses as a springboard to the current topic / lesson. English LanguageArts & Reading
From the Source Topic Activity Topic: The Holocaust Literary Connection:Lisa’s War by Carol Matas Content Connection: Interdisciplinary Social Studies and Language Arts Read the passage and write a response in your journal.* Think about the role some teenagers played in the resistance movement. *Note: Teacher does the same English LanguageArts & Reading
Do You Know? • Do you know? • Do you know why? • When, Where, What, or How? • A quick strategy to pique curiosity • Creates a tremendous need to know • Sparks interest, creates an air of excitement English LanguageArts & Reading
Do You Know? Procedures • Teacher asks a question or a series of questions. • Teacher then reads aloud or has students find and read a book that will answer the questions. English LanguageArts & Reading
Do You Know? Topic Activity Topic: All Creatures Should Be Free. Literary Connection:Yertle the Turtle by Dr. Seuss Content Connection: Language Arts and Self–Concept Do you know who had to be ruler of all he sees? Do you know why people have the need to be the ruler of all? Do you know what happens to “rulers” who get to the top on the “backs” of other people? English LanguageArts & Reading
Bridging • Provides assistance to develop sufficient prior knowledge before learning more difficult concepts or materials written at a more advanced level. • Uses conceptually easier materials to help students create an initial understanding. English LanguageArts & Reading
