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Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [ THALES UWB Impulse Radio System ] Date Submitted: [ January 3rd, 2005 ] Source: [(1) Serge HETHUIN, Isabelle BUCAILLE, Arnaud TONNERRE, Fabrice LEGRAND,

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Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

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  1. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [THALES UWB Impulse Radio System] Date Submitted: [January 3rd, 2005] Source: [(1) Serge HETHUIN, Isabelle BUCAILLE, Arnaud TONNERRE, Fabrice LEGRAND, (2) Dr. Jurianto JOE] Company [(1) THALES Communications France, (2) CELLONICS] Address [(1) 146 Boulevard de VALMY, Colombes 92704 FRANCE (2) 20 Science Park Road 117674SINGAPORE] Voice:[(1) : +33 (0)1 46 13 24 44, (2) : (65) 68 74 90 10] E-Mail:[(1) : serge.hethuin@fr.thalesgroup.com, (2) : juriantoj@cellonics.com] Re: [Response to Call for Proposals] Abstract: [This document proposes THALES Communications’s PHY proposal for the IEEE 802.15.4 alternate PHY standard] Purpose: [Proposal for the IEEE802.15.4a standard] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. THALES Communications

  2. THALES Communications, CELLONICS Proposal for IEEE 802.15.4a Serge HETHUIN (THALES Communications) Dr. Jurianto JOE (CELLONICS) UWB Impulse Radio THALES Communications

  3. Contents • UWB IR proposal • System description • Location Awareness • Conclusion THALES Communications

  4. Receiver Transmitter FPGA BB Modu-lator Demo- dulator PA LNA Pulse Generator time DATA DATA T = 40 ns, PRF = 25 MHz max UWB Impulse Radio System(UWB IR) THALES Communications

  5. UWB Pulse and Spectrum Objective: Impulse Pulse with 500MHz BW • Example: • 4ns Gaussian Pulse • 1st Frequency Center • = 3.35GHz • 10dB BW= 500MHz • Tx Power (average) • = - 14.3dBm THALES Communications

  6. UWB IR main features • Low Power Consumption: • Very Simple Architecture • One Bit ADC (for the simplest version) • Low Cost: • CMOS Implementation • 500MHz BW leading to many economic implementations • HighLocation Accuracy: • Narrow Pulse(4ns)~75cm in 70m region (AWGN) • Scalability: • by using : • compression gain (coded sequence) • different PRFs •  350kbps @70m, … , 25Mbps @10m THALES Communications

  7. System Description • Parameters of the PHY layer • Topologies and access protocol • Solution maturity • Options and eventual extensions THALES Communications

  8. PHY layer: Parameters • 4ns Gaussian Pulse • Data Rate depends on: •  compression gain (~ Spread Factor) •  PRF THALES Communications

  9. PHY layer: Link Budget THALES Communications

  10. Transmitter Spreading & Modulation Data PG LNA Digital PHY MAC BPF • Digital Block • Matched Filter • Signal Acquisition • Tracking • Ranging • Etc. • <100kgates Data Non-coherent detector Receiver LNA BB amp 1-bit ADC PHY layer: Transceiver architecture THALES Communications

  11. PHY layer: Modulation & Spreading THALES Communications

  12. Digital Domain Code Correlator Data PHY layer: Synchronization • Synchronization: • Pulse Edge detection • + Sequence Correlation using Digital Matched Filter THALES Communications

  13. Code 2 Code 1 PAN Coordinator Anchor node Code 3 Coordinator FFD (Full Function Device) RFD (Reduced Function Device) Topologies and access protocol Multiple Access: CDMA (inter-piconet) 802.15.4 (intra-piconet) THALES Communications

  14. Code 2 Code 1 PAN Coordinator Anchor node Code 3 Coordinator FFD (Full Function Device) RFD (Reduced Function Device) Topologies and localization THALES Communications

  15. Inter-Piconet Multiple Access CDMA Inter-Piconet with one sequence / Piconet Intercorrelation between sequences 1 and 2 KASAMI 1 sequence KASAMI 2 sequence THALES Communications

  16. Frame format 2 1 0/4/8 n 2 Bytes: Data Payload MAC Sublayer Frame Control CRC Seq. # Address 4 1 1 Bytes: PHY Layer Frame Length Preamble SFD MPDU PPDU THALES Communications

  17. 4 ns 2-component UWB IR Generator DATA 4 ns FPGA Technical Feasibility and Maturity TRANSMITTER THALES Communications

  18. Technical Feasibility and Maturity Square-law Detector DATA FPGA RECEIVER THALES Communications

  19. Communication Analyzer FPGA RX FPGA TX Recovered PN Sequence PN Sequence Binary Data OOK BB Pulses Variable Attenuator Prototypes characterization with a Test Bed • Communication Analyzer: • Generates PN Sequence Binary data to feed into FPGA TX. • FPGA TX: • Encodes the binary data into OOK BB pulse and feeds it into the UWB Pulse Generator. • Variable Attenuator: • Allows S/N to be varied. • UWB receiver: • Converts the UWB signal to OOK BB pulse and feeds into FPGA RX. • FPGA RX: • Decodes the pulses into binary data and feeds them back to the communication analyzer. • Communication analyzer: • Internally compares the recovered sequence with the generated sequence and provides the BER on screen. THALES Communications

  20. Results of transceivers testing • Consumption: Tx=15 mA, Rx=25 mA  Comparable to Tx and Rx power consumption in 802.15.4 • Data rate and range: • 25 Mbps : 15m (@ RF power=-14dBm) • 250 kbps : >150m • High Location Accuracy: • 75cm with a range up to 70m THALES Communications

  21. Options and eventual extensions • Multipath study: On-going study (results in March 2005) • Modulation improvements: • DBPSK in complement of OOK • Localization improvements: • Processing to deal with Indoor environments (buildings, underground park, …) • Multiband extension (MBSC): • Additional feature to discriminate the different piconets • Additional capability for data rate increase • Additional function to mitigate propagation problems THALES Communications

  22. Location Awareness THALES Communications

  23. FFD (Anchor) RFD FFD (Anchors) RFD Location Awareness • Multilaterationfor Location Awareness: • Two modes with at least 3 known-position nodes • Two-way ranging method (Round Trip Time measurement based) • One-way ranging method with one additional node for synchronization (TOA based) • High Location Accuracy: • AWGN: 75cm @ 70m Range THALES Communications

  24. Mode 1: Two-Way Ranging method (TWR) • Advantages  Each measurement can be done sequentially  Possible extension to the case without anchors • Synchronization  No need of fine Sync. • Accuracy • Error is the combination of the detection in the two nodes THALES Communications

  25. Wireless/Wired Network RTT (d2) Anchor 2 RTT (d3) Control station Processing station & Data Base d2 Anchor 3 d3 Calculation of the Node Location based on the RTTs and the Reference Locations Distance d1 Node RTT(d1) Anchor 1 TWR System Deployment No need of Synchronization by a node Asynchronous Anchors System Configuration for 2D location measurements THALES Communications

  26. TWR Based Measurement Interrogation from anchor 1 Answer received in anchor 1 Answer from anchor 1 RTT(d1) information sent to the server Anchor 1 Node to be located RTT(d1) time RTT(d2) information sent to the server Anchor 2 Node to be located RTT(d2) time RTT(d3) information sent to the server Anchor 3 Node to be located RTT(d3) time THALES Communications

  27. Mode 2: One-Way Ranging method (OWR) • Advantages  Can relax the RFD specifications • Synchronization  More touchythan using RTT/TWR • Accuracy  Accuracy depends only on the clock of the FFD • Transmit Only  No need of detection in the node to be located THALES Communications

  28. Wireless/Wired Network TOA : t0+t3 Anchor 2 Control station Processing station & Data Base TOA : t0+t2 Anchor 3 Synchronization station Calculation of the Node Location based on the TOAs and the Reference Locations t2 TOA : t0+t1 Node t3 Anchor 1 Time of Arrival: t1 OWR System Deployment Synchronization by a node System Configuration for 2D location measurements THALES Communications

  29. Signal sent by the node to be located Node to be located time TOA(t0+t1) information sent to the server t1 Anchor 1 TOA(t0+t2) information sent to the server t0+t1 t2 Anchor 2 TOA(t0+t3) information sent to the server t0+t2 t3 Anchor 3 t0+t3 time t0 TOA Based Measuring Synchronization by a node THALES Communications

  30. On-going tasks • Multipath study: • Localization experiments: • In free space, rural and urban environments • Comparison with MATLAB simulations • Coherent receivers: • Comparison in complexity with non-coherent receivers • Comparison in cost with non-coherent receivers • Miniaturization aspect: • Integration of the solution • Final power-consumption THALES Communications

  31. Conclusion • THALES UWB IR main features: fc=3.35, 3.85, … GHz, BW=500MHz 4ns Gaussian Pulse with PRF of 25MHz/2.5MHz • OOKmodulation Very low complexity, Very low cost (radio with a few components) Scalable (25Mbps at 10m, …, 350kbps at 70m, …) • Location Awareness: • Two possible modes: TWR or OWR • 75cm in 70m region (AWGN) THALES Communications

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