May, 2006

1. Cross-Development on Mac May, 2006 André Krützfeldt Tokyo Jamboree #8

2. Macintosh and Xcode • OS X does come with Xcode bundled • Newest version at: • http://developer.apple.com/tools/xcode/index.html • Includes all gnu compilers (4.0.1) and utilities • Download is about 900MB • Good for Apple development • you will need it • For embedded systems, not applicable

3. Complete your Mac tools • Make your development complete! • Use fink • http://fink.sourceforge.net/ • It installs everything under /sw • After install use FinkCommander

4. Complete your Mac tools (2) • Add the fink distribution to your path • Easy: • more “test -r /sw/bin/init.sh && . /sw/bin/init.sh” >> .profile • Close your terminal window and open it again. • Now the path should look like: • $ echo $PATH • /sw/bin:/sw/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin: /usr/sbin:/usr/local/teTeX/bin/powerpc-apple-darwin-current:/usr/X11R6/bin

5. Compile the Compiler • Next step is to select a Cross Compiler • Best: Crosstool • http://www.kegel.com/crosstool/ • Current version 0.42 • Supports: gcc-2.95, gcc-3.2.x - gcc-4.0.x • Check the current build results: • http://www.kegel.com/crosstool/crosstool-0.42/buildlogs/ • If you intend to compile for Motorola devices, use: • Crosstool for EZX • http://lsb.blogdns.net/ezx-crosstool • Current version 0.5

6. Compiler the Compiler (2) • Extract the downloaded files with: • gzip if the file ends with .gz • bzip2 if the file ends with .bz2 • (Both in fink) • Make sure you have ‘wget’ installed • the build process uses it • Check with: $ type wget • wget is /sw/bin/wget • You MUST be online to do the build! • It will get the sources to compile from websites

7. Compiler source download • The scripts use wget to download the libraries and linux components defined in: • gcc-<version>-glib-<version>.dat • If you have a proxy setup, make sure that wget can work with it. • If you cannot get wget to work, just run the demo-XYZ.sh • It will try to access the sites, use <ctrl>-c to stop it and use a normal browser to download the needed files. • Place then into the download directory, usually • $HOME/download • Start demo-XYZ.sh again

8. Setup the target directory • At the end you will have to install your cross compiler. • Best to setup the directory and rights now. • sudo mkdir /opt/crosstool • sudo chown $USER /opt/crosstool • The following script will build the Motorola cross compiler and install the result into the same directory!

9. How to compile the compiler • build.sh from ezx-crosstool derived from demo-*.sh • #!/bin/sh • set -ex • CROSSTOOL_DIR=`pwd` • TARBALLS_DIR=$CROSSTOOL_DIR/downloads • RESULT_TOP=$CROSSTOOL_DIR/gcc-arm-iwmmxt • SRC_DIR=$CROSSTOOL_DIR/src • export TARBALLS_DIR RESULT_TOP SRC_DIR • GCC_LANGUAGES="c,c++" • export GCC_LANGUAGES • # Really, you should do the mkdir before running this, • # and chown /opt/crosstool to yourself so you don't need to run as root. • mkdir -p $RESULT_TOP • # Build the toolchain. Takes a couple hours and a couple gigabytes. • eval `cat arm-ezx.dat gcc-3.3.6-glibc-2.3.2.dat` sh all.sh --notest • echo Done.

10. What if there is an Error? • Mostly errors are not really errors. • The Mac uses different versions of GNU Utilities. • Look at the error and see what produced it. • E.g. Error in an awk-script is not the script: • Use fink and install ‘gawk’ • Run “./build.sh” again • Mostly the error is gone. • Unfortunately it does take hours and the “./build.sh” always starts from the beginning.

11. Expected Error • There is an expected error: • At the end it will complain about: • PATH_MAX is undefined • This is to be ignored. • ALSO (known): • Apple make does have a bug/feature: • .m files are treated differently! (Objective-C) • Get a make from gnu and compile it separately • Copy it in /sw/bin do not copy it in /usr/bin!

12. Distributed Compile • Once you are done, you will have a cross compiler for your embedded device. • If you happen to have more than one Mac, you can distribute the cross compiler and compile in your network. • Tool to use is‘distcc’ which is part OS X Xcode. • (Very advanced, I have not tested it yet.)

13. Cross-compile Trick • Some developers prefer to use a different shell for the cross compilation. • This assures that the builds do not interfere. • E.g. ‘tcsh’ uses‘.tcshrc’ • Set the PATH and other values to the target compiler. • And do not forget: • ./configure --host=arm-linux • This tells configure that you are cross compiling

14. Set the environment • The PATH must be set to the cross compiler: • PATH=/opt/crosstool/gcc-3.4.5-glibc-2.3.3/arm-linux/bin:… • Also set the environment variables: • AR=arm-linux-ar • CC=arm-linux-gcc • CXX=arm-linux-g++ • LD=arm-linux-ld • RANLIB=arm-linux-ranlib • STRIP=arm-linux-strip

15. Tools for Mac • iTerm as xterm substitute, it supports bookmarks: • http://iterm.sourceforge.net/

16. Tools for Mac (2) • Fugu to copy over ssh • http://rsug.itd.umich.edu/software/fugu/

17. Utilities for Mac • Some devices use Ethernet over USB: • Get the Mac driver at: • http://www.dsitri.de/wiki.php?page=AJZaurusUSB • Originally for the Zaurus, but works with most USBLan or USBNet enabled devices. • If you want to enable a device this way, look at: • http://www.linux-usb.org/usbnet/

18. Devices A1200 Rokr E2 A780