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Explore the intersection of medicine, identity, and technology in modern history, focusing on the scientific construction of the female body, maternal healthcare evolution, societal views on parenthood, and the impact of laws on family structures. Delve into the shifting perceptions of motherhood and fatherhood over the centuries, from anatomizing differences to medicalizing childbirth and the emergence of reproductive technologies.
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Medicine, Identity and Technology in Modern History Week 2 Roberta Bivins
Theme One: Medicine, science and the familyWeek Two:Making MotherhoodLecture Outline I. The ‘Scientific’ construction of the female body II. ‘Scientific Motherhood’ IV. Society, Parenthood and the Law A. ‘Mater semper certas est’ B. Fatherhood and medicine C. Fatherhood and the law
The more things seem to change… the more they stay the same… Johann Remmelin, 1670 William Hunter, 1774
Medicalizing motherhood:how did doctors get into the birthing chamber? Isaac Cruikshank, 1793
SO: where do reproductive technologies fit into this picture?
Parenthood, Society and the Law • ‘Mater semper certas est’ vs ‘fillius nullius’ ‘Blood ties’ NOT traditionally recognized under UK law; only in 1841 were MOTHERS even allowed to claim ‘bastard’ children • ‘Social’ vs. ‘biological’ or ‘genetic’ parenthood Marriage, not blood, determined paternity: ‘presumption of legitimacy’ absolute until 1949, and then only slightly modified. Pre-1980s, paternity could only be ruled out, not in biologically (by blood-typing), and then only in a minority of cases.