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Nonmendelian Genetics

Nonmendelian Genetics. 6F Incomplete, Codominance & Blood Types. Incomplete Dominance. A blend of alleles Red & white flower make pink offspring. Codominance. Both alleles are expressed separately Red & white flower make Striped or spotted offspring. Blood Types.

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Nonmendelian Genetics

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  1. Nonmendelian Genetics 6F Incomplete, Codominance & Blood Types

  2. Incomplete Dominance • A blend of alleles • Red & white flower make pink offspring

  3. Codominance • Both alleles are expressed separately • Red & white flower make Striped or spotted offspring

  4. Blood Types

  5. Sex-linked Traits

  6. Pedigrees

  7. Huntington’s Disease

  8. Hemophilia

  9. Techniques to study the genomes of organisms 6H

  10. Human Genome Project • http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml

  11. Human Genome Project Goals • identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA, • determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA, • store this information in databases, • improve tools for data analysis, • transfer related technologies to the private sector, and • address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project.

  12. Gel Electrophoresis Also known as “DNA Fingerprinting”

  13. DNA Fingerprinting • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0072835125/126997/animation40.html • Paternity & Maternity • Criminal identification & forensics • Personal identification

  14. Real Pictures of Gel Electrophoresis!

  15. Restriction Enzymes • What is an enzyme? • Carbohydrate? Lipid? Nucleic Acid? Protein? • Cuts DNA into smaller fragments

  16. Restriction Enzymes, cont’d Restriction enzymes cut in specific places Some produce “sticky ends”

  17. Gel electrophoresis or DNA Fingerprinting… • Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA into fragments which are separated out during gel electrophoresis

  18. Genetic Modifications • GMO’s (genetically modified organisms) include bacteria and yeast, insects, plants, fish, and mammals. • Used for research and to produce disease resistant crops.

  19. Chromosomal Analysis KARYOTYPE • Blood sample • Amniotic fluid • Bone marrow • Tissue

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