Civil Rights and Civil Liberties

1. Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Woll – Chapter 3

2. Introduction • Individuals can speak, write, and read what they choose • Essay on Free Expression • Court Cases Abrams • Gideon Flores • Reno Roe • Brown Pena • Engel Shaw

3. Nationalization of the Bill of Rights • Not intended to prohibitions upon state actions • Federal system of citizenship • Full citizen of US • Full citizen of state • 14th Amendment • Required clarification form the Court • Became progressively more obtrusive

4. Court Interpretation of the 14th • 1833, Barron – narrow application* • 1873, Slaughterhouse – rejected broad application in commerce • 1925, Gitlow – liberty protected by due process clause • 1931, Near – limited incorporation in speech and press • Warren Court expansions

5. The Court politically and ideologically • 1932, Powell – fair trials • 1942, Betts – right to counsel only applied in federal courts • 1946, Adamson – total inclusion of the Bill of Rights • 1963, Gideon – court-appointed counsel • 1965, Griswold – extend to privacy issues • 1973, Roe – federal right to privacy created