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Section 4: The Big Bang Theory

Objectives. Explain how Hubble's discoveries lead to an understanding that the universe is expanding.Summarize the big bang theory.List evidence for the big bang theory.. Hubble's Observations. cosmology the study of the origin, properties, processes, and evolution of the universeCosmologists

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Section 4: The Big Bang Theory

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    1. Section 4: The Big Bang Theory Preview Objectives Hubble’s Observations The Big Bang Theory Universal Expansion A Universe of Surprises Maps In Action

    2. Objectives Explain how Hubble’s discoveries lead to an understanding that the universe is expanding. Summarize the big bang theory. List evidence for the big bang theory.

    3. Hubble’s Observations cosmology the study of the origin, properties, processes, and evolution of the universe Cosmologists and astronomers can use the light given off by an entire galaxy to create the spectrum for that galaxy. Edwin Hubble used galactic spectra to uncover new information about our universe.

    4. Hubble’s Observations, continued Measuring Red Shifts Hubble found that the spectra of galaxies, except for the few closest to Earth, were shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. Hubble determined the speed at which the galaxies were moving away from Earth. Hubble found that the most distant galaxies showed the greatest red shift and thus were moving away from Earth the fastest.

    5. Hubble’s Observations, continued The Expanding Universe Using Hubble’s observations, astronomers have been able to determine that the universe is expanding. The expanding universe can be thought of as a raisin cake rising in the oven. If you were able to sit on one raisin, you would see all the other raisins moving away from you. Similarly, galaxies in the universe are moving farther away from each other due to the expansion of the universe.

    6. The Big Bang Theory big bang theory the theory that all matter and energy in the universe was compressed into an extremely small volume that 3 to 15 billion years ago exploded and began expanding in all directions By the mid-20th century, almost all astronomers and cosmologists accepted the big bang theory.

    7. The Big Bang Theory, continued Reading Check What does the big bang theory tell us about the early universe? All matter and energy in the early universe were compressed into a small volume at an extremely high temperature until the temperature cooled and all of the matter and energy were forced outward in all directions.

    8. The Big Bang Theory, continued Cosmic Background Radiation cosmic background radiation radiation uniformly detected from every direction in space; considered a remnant of the big bang. Astronomers believe that cosmic background radiation formed shortly after the big bang. The background radiation has cooled after the big bang, and is now about 270°C below zero.

    9. The Big Bang Theory, continued Ripples in Space Maps of cosmic background radiation over the whole sky show ripples. These ripples are irregularities caused by small fluctuations in the distribution of matter in the early universe, and may indicate the first stages in the formation of the universe’s first galaxies.

    10. The Big Bang Theory, continued Timeline of the Big Bang

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