WELCOME TO CBE 218 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING II FLUID MECHANICS

1. WELCOME TO CBE 218 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING II FLUID MECHANICS Course Description: The second course on the theory and practice of chemical engineering with emphasis on momentum transfer Credits: 3.0 Textbook: Noelde Nevers, Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers, 3rd Ed., McGraw Hill, New York, 2005. Reference books: 1. R. Byron Bird, Warren E. Stewart, Edwin N. Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons. Inc. 2002. 2. W.J. Beek, K.M.K. Muttzall, J.W. van Heuven, Transport Phenomena, 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons. Inc. 2000. 3. Kessler, David P. and Greenkorn, Robert A. Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer Fundamentals, Marcel Dekker, Inc.1999. Lectures: MWF 9.00 to 9.50 am CB#106

2. CBE 218 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING II FLUID MECHANICS Grading A: 90-100 B: 80-89 C: 70-79 D: 60-69 F: less than 59 Important dates Feb -17/Friday Exam 1 (regular class time, 9 am to 10.50 am) Mar-16/Friday Exam 2 (regular class time, 9 am to 10.50 am) Apr-27/Friday Group project report submission May 4th/Friday Final Exam, #CB106, 8-9.50 am

3. CBE 218 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS Chapter 1: Introduction Part I Preliminaries Chapter 2: Fluid Statics Chapter 3: The Balance Equation and the Mass Balance Chapter 4: The First Law of Thermodynamics Part II Flows of fluids That Are One-Dimensional Or That Can be Treated As Is They Were Chapter 5: Bernoulli’s Equation Chapter 6: Fluid Friction in Steady, One-Dimensional Flow Chapter 7: The Momentum Balance Chapter 8: One-Dimensional, High-Velocity Gas Flow Part III Some Other Topics that Can Be Viewed By The Methods of One-Dimensional Fluid Mechanics Chapter 9 Models, Dimensional analysis and Dimensionless Numbers Chapter 10 Pumps, Compressors, and Turbines Chapter 11 Flow Through Porous Media Chapter 12 Gas-Liquid Flow Chapter 13 Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in Circular Pipes Chapter 14 Surface Forces Part IV Two- And Three-Dimensional Fluid Mechanics Chapter 15 Two- and Three-Dimensionless Fluid Mechanics Chapter 16 Potential Flow Chapter 17 The Boundary Layer Chapter 18 Turbulence Chapter 19 Mixing Chapter 20 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers Noel de Nevers 3rd Edition McGraw Hill

4. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 What is Fluid Mechanics? 1.2 What Good is Fluid Mechanics? 1.3 Basic Ideas in Fluid Mechanics 1.4 Liquid and Gases 1.5 Properties of Fluids 1.5.1 Density 1.5.2 Specific Gravity 1.5.3 Viscosity 1.5.4. Kinematic Viscosity 1.5.5. Surface Tension 1.6 Pressure 1.7 Force, Mass and Weight 1.8 Units and Conversion Factors 1.9 Principles and Techniques 1.10 Engineering problems 1.11 Why This Book is Different from Other Fluid Mechanics Books 1.12 Summary

5. Fluid Mechanics is study of forces and motions in a fluid. Fluids: gases and liquids Gases: air, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbondioxide, carbon monoxide etc Liquids: water, alcohols, gasoline, diesel, oils, milk etc Solids: steel, diamond, papers Complex fluids: toothpaste, bread dough, grease, gelatin, peanut butter, mayonnaise What good is fluid mechanics? We can use the same principles of ordinary mechanics or thermodynamics to solve problems of fluid mechanics by combining forces and motions in a fluid.

6. Subdivisions and applications of fluid mechanics • To develop understanding of forces and motion in a fluid means to develop • understanding of behavior of fluids. Based on behavior and applications of fluids, fluid • Mechanics is further categorized into- • Hydraulics: flow of water in rivers, pipes, canals, pumps, turbines. • Aerodynamics: flow of air around airplanes, rockets, projectiles, structures • Meteorology: the flow of atmosphere • Particle dynamics: flow of fluids around particles, interaction of particles with a fluid • Hydrology: the flow of water and water-borne pollutants in the ground • Reservoir mechanics: the flow of oil, gas and water in petroleum reservoirs • Multiphase flow: fuel injectors, carburetors • Combination of fluid flow: mass transport in distillation column, chemical reactions • in combustion chamber • 9. Viscosity dominated flows: lubrication, injection molding, lava

7. Basic Ideas in Fluid Mechanics • …based on working out the detailed consequences of four basic ideas • Principle of conservation of mass • First law of thermodynamics • Second law of thermodynamics • Newton’s second law of motion

8. Shear Stress, shear rate and viscosity • Shear Stress (t) = shear force/area • Shear rate= dV/dy • Newtonian fluids • t  dV/dy • = m dV/dy • = -m dV/dy (velocity decreases • with increase in ‘y’) • Unit for viscosity = Poise= 1 g/(cm.s) =0.1 Pa.s • Centipoise (cP) = 0.01 P • Pa = N/m2 = kg.m/s2. 1/m2 • = kg/(m.s2) • P = 0.1 Pa.s = 0.1 kg/(m. s2). S • = 0.1 kg/(m.s)

9. Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids Shear thinning Shear thickening

11. Force= Mass . Acceleration lbm lbf lb kgm kgf kg Gravitational acceleration= 9.8 m/s2 or 980 cm/s2 or 32.2 ft/s2 1 lbf = 1 lbm . 32.2 ft/s2 (1) 1 kgf= 1 kgm. 9.8 m/s2 (2) Kgf ≠ kgm why? If we divide kgf to both sides in eq (2) lbf ≠ lbm 1 kgf/kgf= 1 kgm/kgf 9.8 m/s2 and assume kgm=kgf 1=9.8 m/s2 (absurd)

12. Homework #1 (due by Wed. 18th) • Q1 From our textbook, reference books or any other additional publications, • find out and list example fluids for the following types of fluids (6 pts). • Newtonian • Pseudoplastic • Bingham • Dilatent • Thixotropic • Rheopectic • Q2 Convert 0.25 Poise (P) into cP and Pa.s (4 pts)