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Implementation & Adjudication

Implementation & Adjudication U. S. States: OBAMACARE IS NOT Constitutional(21 Attorneys) General Challenge) . Functions of the Political System. Bureaucracies. Largest organizations in contemporary government Encompass: members of the executive branch below the top executive .

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Implementation & Adjudication

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  1. Implementation & Adjudication U. S. States: OBAMACARE IS NOT Constitutional(21 Attorneys) General Challenge)

  2. Functions of the Political System

  3. Bureaucracies • Largest organizations in contemporary government • Encompass: members of the executive branch below the top executive

  4. The Bureaucracy: Functions • Almost alone in implementing and enforcing laws and regulations • May articulate and aggregate interests • Adjudication • Involved in communication

  5. Bureaucracy and Performance • Features of bureaucracies (Weber) • Decision making - based on fixed and official jurisdictions, rules and regulations; • Formal and specialized educational or training requirements for each position; • Hierarchical command structure: a firmly ordered system of super- and subordination, in which information flows upward and decisions downward; • Decisions - made on the basis of SOPs, which include extensive written records; and • Officials hold career positions, • appointed and promoted on the basis of merit • have protection against political interference (notably in the form of permanent job tenure).

  6. Bureaucratic Expansion in Twentieth Century • Beyond watchman state model • Defense • Crime prevention • New areas of government involvement • Health • Productivity • Welfare

  7. Other Factors in Bureaucratic Expansion • Inertia • Tendency of government to seek growth for its own sake • Reaction to above tendencies • Movement to reduce budgets • Movements to downsize bureaucracy

  8. Recruitment into the Bureaucracy • Structure • Patronage • Dominant in 19th century • Remains common in third world • Civil service • Top political executives • Higher civil service (largely recruited from best universities) • Centrality of technical specialization

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