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Organs of the Body & Things That Go Wrong

Learn about the important functions and common issues that can affect vital organs like the skin, brain, lungs, heart, liver, stomach, pancreas, kidneys, and intestines. Gain insights into preventative measures, diseases, and treatment options for optimal well-being.

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Organs of the Body & Things That Go Wrong

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  1. Organs of the Body&Things That Go Wrong Transition Center Nurse for MFP Laura Bingell RN “Open Doors is a Money Follows the Person program of New York Association on Independent Living under contract with New York State Department of Health.  This document was developed under grant CFDA 93.971 from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Medicare &Medicaid Services. However, these contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government.”

  2. Anatomy What and Where Physiology How and Why

  3. Skin • Brain* • Lungs* • Heart* • Liver* • Stomach • Pancreas • Kidneys* • Intestines * Considered Vital Organs

  4. Functions of the Skin • Regulating body temperature • Protecting from outside invasion • Protecting from harmful effects of radiation • Preventing loss of essential body fluids • Filtering toxins • Mechanical support

  5. Skin Issues • Exposures – anything that damages or impairs • Allergies/Rash- direct and indirect • Viral or Bacterial infections- shingles, cellulitis • Burns – fire, radiation, UV light, chemical, friction • Autoimmune – the body attacks own tissues as if invaders • Wounds- chronic, trauma, surgery • Yeast- obesity, antibiotics, impaired immunity • Fragile skin- aging, medication side effects

  6. Shingles Rash

  7. Functions of the Brain 100,000,000,000,000 400,000,000,000

  8. Brain cells at work. Image by Khakh Lab-UCLA Health

  9. Brain Issues • TBI - blunt force, CVA, CTE, SBS/AHT • Dementia- general term for a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life, not dependent on age • Senility vs. Dementia • Epilepsy- affects over 3 million adults in US, (2015 CDC stats- about 188,000 adults in NYS)

  10. Functions of the Lungs Pulling oxygen from inhaled air for distribution by the blood stream Expelling waste - carbon dioxide

  11. Issues of the Lungs • Cancer • COPD • Asthma- genetics, allergies, environment, infections; attacks are caused by triggers • Pulmonary embolism • Pulmonary hypertension • Influenza- vaccine each year • Pneumonia- vaccine for those over 65, smokers or with chronic health conditions

  12. Functions of the Heart

  13. Issues of the Heart • Arrhythmias- A-fib (atrial fibrillation) • CAD – Coronary Artery Disease • Angina- pain due to reduced oxygen to the heart • Valves-Mitral (L), Aortic (R) Pulmonary, Tricuspid • Stenosis- abnormal narrowing • Murmur- leaking/weakness • Heart Attack- “MI” (myocardial infarction) • Congestive Heart Failure – “CHF”

  14. Functions of the Liver • Blood purification/detoxification • Digestion – • - bile production to absorb fats • - manufacture of proteins • Storage of nutrients

  15. Issues of the Liver • Hepatitis- A, B, C (D, E) • Cirrhosis –scarring from long term damage • Ascites – fluid accumulation in the abdomen from a damaged, leaky liver • Fatty Liver- NAFLD- can lead to cirrhosis • Risk factors- diabetes, obesity, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, hypothyroid

  16. Functions of the Stomach Starts digestion of food with a mixture of hydrochloric acid, mucus and digestive enzymes.

  17. Issues of the Stomach • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease- GERD • Hiatal Hernia • Ulcers • Bariatric Procedures

  18. Functions of the Pancreas • Converting food into fuel by excreting enzymes into the small intestine, ducts and bloodstream • Regulating blood sugar • Producing Insulin

  19. Issues of the Pancreas • Diabetes -Type 1 – genetic, can be autoimmune. Pancreas does not function, will be on insulin, young onset -Type 2- genetic tendency related to obesity epidemic. Pancreas does not function well, may be on insulin and/or pills • Pancreatitis – acute or chronic • Pancreatic Cancer

  20. Functions of the Kidneys

  21. Issues of the Kidneys • CRF - Chronic Renal Insufficiency • ESRD - End Stage Renal Failure = Dialysis • Genetic Disorders – polycystic kidney disease • Inflammatory/ Auto-immune Diseases • Infection • Stones

  22. Functions of the Small Intestine

  23. Issues of the Small Intestine • Celiac Disease • Crohn’s Disease- ilium or colon • Obstruction • Fistula • Bleeding ulcers • Ulcers • Usually duodenal – indicates location • ‘Peptic’ = from acid- indicates cause

  24. Functions of the Large Intestine

  25. Issues of the Large Intestine • Polyps • Cancer • Diverticulosis • Presence of pouches • Diverticulitis • Inflammation of pouches • Ulcerative Colitis

  26. A polyp this size has about 10% Chance of becoming cancerous.

  27. https://ilny.us/events/training-events Kidney Disease Parkinson’s Disease Multiple Sclerosis Stroke and other Brain Injury Congestive Heart Failure COPD Cancer Diabetes Dementia and Alzheimer’s

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