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Gravity, Friction, and Pressure: Forces and Effects on Objects

Explore the concepts of gravity, friction, and pressure and how they impact objects. Learn about the forces exerted by masses, the resistance to motion caused by friction, and the effects of pressure on objects in fluids. Discover the factors that influence these forces and effects.

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Gravity, Friction, and Pressure: Forces and Effects on Objects

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  1. Chapter 3 Gravity, Friction, and Pressure

  2. 3.1 Gravity is a force exerted by masses

  3. gravity • The force that objects exert on each other because of their masses. • If an object has mass, then there’s gravity. • More mass = more gravity • Distance – the further away a object is, the less it’s force of gravity

  4. http://www1.jsc.nasa.gov/er/seh/feather.avi

  5. weight • The force of gravity on an object. • An object has mass no matter where it’s located. Weight depends on the force of gravity. • Mass is measured in kilograms, technically weight would be measured in Newtons (because it’s a force!)

  6. orbit • the elliptical path one body follows around another • ex. the Moon around the Earth, the Earth around the Sun, etc. • the centripetal force causing orbits is gravity • On earth, an object must travel 8000 m/s to go into orbit.

  7. p. 81

  8. 3.2 Friction is a force that opposes motion

  9. a force that resists the motion between two objects in contact types of surfaces motion of surfaces force pressing surfaces together friction

  10. friction due to air objects with larger surface areas have more air resistance Faster objects have more air resistance air resistance

  11. 3.3 Pressure depends upon Force and Area

  12. pressure • is a measure of how much force is acting on a certain area. • pressure = force / area • P = F/A

  13. pascal • One pascal is the pressure exerted by one newton (1 N) of force on an area of one square meter (1 m2)

  14. a substance that can flow easily gases and liquids fluid

  15. pressure acts in all directions pressure in fluids

  16. pressure in water • greater depth = greater pressure

  17. pressure in air • higher elevation = less pressure

  18. 3.4 Fluids can exert a force on objects

  19. buoyant force • The upward force on objects in a fluid • more dense fluid = more buoyancy

  20. USS Harry S Truman

  21. Pascal’s Principle • When an outside pressure is applied at any point to a fluid in a container, that pressure is transmitted throughout the container.

  22. Warm-up • If a 150 kg car accelerates at 30 m/s², how much force is being applied?

  23. Warm-up • What factor determines the buoyant force of a fluid?

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