Enhancing Gender Data Integration for Water and Sanitation Monitoring in Africa

1. Regional Training Workshop to Improve Use of Existing Data for Monitoring Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in Africa. 26-28 September 2011, Kampala, Uganda Integrating a gender perspective into access to water and sanitation Statistics For a better monitoring and use of SDGs 6 Tier I Indicators Opoku Manu Asare

2. Outline • SDGs 6 Tier I Indicators • Environment • Water • Sanitation • Data sources • Gender mainstreaming • Conceptual and measurement issues

3. SDGs 6 Tier I Indicators

4. Environment • Environment statistics describe the state of and trends in the environment, covering the media of the natural environment (air/climate, water, land/soil), living organisms within those media and human settlements (United Nations Environment Programme, 2012). • This is one of the statistical fields traditionally considered gender-neutral and often developed without much consideration of all the aspects and implications relating to individuals. • Environmental conditions have a different impact on the lives of women and men owing to existing gender inequality.

5. WaterGender issues • Lack of access to safe water • Lack of access to drinking water on the premises or within a short distance continues to affect the lives of women and men • When water is not available on the premises, women are responsible for water collection more often than men • Girls are also more likely than boys to be in charge of water collection. • The gender-specific time burden of water collection may be associated with such factors as age or economic status. • Water collection may be the task of younger women rather than older women. • Households where mothers are busy working outside the home, older girls may be responsible for fetching water.

6. Gender issues

7. Data required Data on water and firewood collection, such as: • Persons involved in water collection by sex and age • Time spent on water collection by sex and age • Population by availability of water on the premises, time needed to collect; water per trip and sex of the person usually collecting water

8. SanitationGender issues • When women have to wait until dark to defecate and urinate in the open they tend to drink less during the day, resulting in all kinds of health problems such as urinary tract infections • Women are sexually assaulted or attacked when they go public toilet and urinal • Hygienic conditions are often poor at public defecation areas, leading to worms and other water-borne diseases. • Girls, particularly after puberty, miss school due to lack of proper sanitary facilities.

9. SanitationGender issues • Direct and indirect pollution • Dumping • Toilet. Open defecation vrs close • Sanitation in public institutions, especially schools • Affordable and socially and culturally acceptable technologies and practices • Financing and partnership mechanisms and Strengthen existing information networks

10. SanitationGender issues • Sanitation involves the adequate management and disposal of different types of wastes with a view to minimizing harmful effects to human health and the environment • Where there are few toilet and urinal facilities, women have to wait until dark resulting in all kinds of health problems such as urinary tract infections

11. SanitationGender issues • Toilet or latrine designs, especially for primary and secondary schools, are mainly prepared by male masons

12. Data requirement • Access to toilet facilities by sex and age • Availability to dump sites • Availability and access to types of sanitations • Time spent on accessing sanitation by sex and age • Availability of sanitation on the premises • Time needed to collect and dispose waste materials from the house by sex and age

13. Gender mainstreamingWater and sanitation into gender statistics • Gender analysis. Analysis Gender analysis conducted in advance of design and planning should seek to establish who is doing what and when and with what water. Analysis should be undertaken with the participation of the community/communities concerned using methods such as participatory exercises. • Gender planning Have gender equality objectives been formulated for the project or programme, including specific objectives to advance women’s participation? Are these included in the terms of reference? • Based on dialogue, consultation, sharing experiences,

14. Gender mainstreamingWater and sanitation into gender statistics • Project or Programme Design Question: Have the analysis and consultation formed an integral part of the design and plan? What are men’s and women’s roles in the operation and maintenance of the project? Women’s and men’s roles in the project should build on the knowledge gained from the initial analysis • Capacity Question: Is there adequate gender expertise within the project or programme team?

15. Gender mainstreamingWater and sanitation into gender statistics • Implementation Question: Does the participation of women go beyond the planning stage? • Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring Question: Are there enough resources for gender-specific monitoring and assessments during the project or programme cycle? Are resources available to integrate new aspects and adjust the programme/project if necessary?

16. Gender mainstreamingLegal and institutional framework • Constitution and laws • Policy and strategies • Convections ratified • Establishment of the appropriate institutions such as MDAs, Private sector • The role of DPs, CSO, NGOs,

17. Conceptual and measurement issues • There are no international guidelines on producing water and sanitation-related gender statistics • Some of the sources needed to produce water and sanitation-related gender statistics, such as time-use surveys or health studies, may not be part of the regular programme of data collection in national statistical offices • Potential data collection instruments are either weak or non-exist, they may not be designed to capture the links between gender and environment.

18. End!!! THANK YOU