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Learn about the dynamic process of ecosystem succession including primary and secondary succession, pioneer species, climax communities, and pond succession. Explore how new populations gradually replace existing ones in changing environments.
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Succession • a series of changes in a community in which new populations of organisms gradually replace existing ones
Primary Succession • colonization of new sites by communities of organisms • takes place on bare rock
Primary Succession • New bare rock comes from 2 sources: • 1. volcanic lava flow cools and forms rock • 2. Glaciers retreat and expose rock
Pioneer Species • the first organisms to colonize a newsite • Ex: lichens are the first to colonize lava rocks
Climax Community • a stable, mature community that undergoes little or no succession
Climax Community • Ex: In most of Virginia, the climax community would be adeciduous oak–hickory forest
Primary Succession Rock
Secondary Succession • sequence of community changes that takes place when a community is disrupted by natural disaster or human actions • takes place on existing soil
Secondary Succession • Ex: • A fire levels portions of a forest
Secondary Succession • Ex: • A farmer plows his field
