Historical Globalization

1. Historical Globalization Chapter 5: Foundations of Globalization

2. Scholars disagree about when globalization began and how it has developed throughout the centuries Thomas Friedman’s View of Globalization Defining Historical Globalization Globalization 1.0: which began around 1492, the world went from size large to size medium. Globalization 2.0: the era that introduced us to multinational companies, it went from size medium to size small. Globalization 3.0: Around 2000 came in which the world went from being small to tiny. There's a difference between being able to make long distance phone calls cheaper on the Internet and walking around Riyadh with a PDA where you can have all of Google in your pocket. It's a difference in degree that's so enormous it becomes a difference in kind.

3. Body Rituals of the Snaidanac Much of the Snaidanacs’ day is spent in ritual and ceremony. The centre of this activity involves the human body; its appearance is vitally important for these people. While this is not unusual, the ceremony and philosophy concerning the body are entirely unique to the culture. The fundamental belief appears to be that the human body is ugly and that its natural tendency is toward decay and disease. As humans are trapped inside their ugly bodies, their only hope to avoid the decay and disease is religious ritual and ceremony. To an outsider this preoccupation may seem pointless, but these religious practices greatly reassure the people, and if they choose to live this way, we should not question it. cultural relativismEvery household has one or more shrines for this purpose. They appear to treat a box or chest built into the wall as the most important place in the shrine. In this box, the natives keep strange charms and magical potions. cultural superiority(negative connotation)Theseinclude miniature paintbrushes and coloured sticks with tiny brushes. Beneath the charm-box is a small font or basin. Each day, every member of the family, one after the other, enters the shrine room, bows his or her head before the charm-box, mixes holy water in the font and then proceeds with a brief rite similar to Christian baptism. The holy waters come from the Water Temple of the community, where the priests undertake excessive measures to make the liquid ritually pure. cultural superiority

4. Body Rituals of the Snaidanac Much of the Snaidanacs’ day is spent in ritual and ceremony. The centre of this activity involves the human body; its appearance is vitally important for these people. While this is not unusual, the ceremony and philosophy concerning the body are entirely unique to the culture. Radical uniqueness (other cultures care for their bodies in similar ways) The fundamental belief appears to be that the human body is ugly and that its natural tendency is toward decay and disease. As humans are trapped inside their ugly bodies, their only hope to avoid the decay and disease is religious ritual and ceremony. Ethnocentrism(looks like a religious ceremony from the author’s perspective)To an outsider this preoccupation may seem pointless, but these religious practices greatly reassure the people, and if they choose to live this way, we should not question it. cultural relativismEvery household has one or more shrines for this purpose. They appear to treat a box or chest built into the wall as the most important place in the shrine. In this box, the natives keep strange charms and magical potions. cultural superiority(negative connotation)Theseinclude miniature paintbrushes and coloured sticks with tiny brushes. ethnocentrism Beneath the charm-box is a small font or basin. Each day, every member of the family, one after the other, enters the shrine room, bows his or her head before the charm-box, mixes holy water in the font and then proceeds with a brief rite similar to Christian baptism. ethnocentrism The holy waters come from the Water Temple of the community, where the priests undertake excessive measures to make the liquid ritually pure. cultural superiority / ethnocentrism

5. Ashutosh Sheshabalaya (Perspective #2) First Roundclip • Silk Road • Exchange of ideas: science, math, literature etc… • Started in about 330 BCE

6. The Silk Road • It was a network of land and sea routes

7. The Silk Road • The route was treacherous • The route contained mountains, river valleys, deserts and oceans • Hoards of robbers and barbarians often raided caravans

9. The Second Round The second round or stage is known as Historical Globalization Historical Globalization – From 1492 when Columbus made first voyage to Caribbean until the end of World War II

10. Imperialism Growth of Globalization is in direct relation to European Imperialism. Another term for European expansion is colonialism Imperialism: Refers to one country’s domination over another country’s economic, political and cultural institutions

11. Motives for Colonialism

12. The White Man's Burden Rudyard Kipling (“The Jungle Book”) published "The White Man's Burden" in 1899. In this poem, Kipling urged the U.S. to take up the “burden” of empire, as had Britain and other European nations. The racial notion of the “White Man’s burden” became a euphemism for imperialism. Take up the White Man's burden--Send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.Take up the White Man's burden--In patience to abide,To veil the threat of terrorAnd check the show of pride;By open speech and simple,An hundred times made plainTo seek another's profit,And work another's gain. Paternalism: When an imperial power governs its colonies closely because it believes they can not govern themselves. The imperial powers view their colonies as children!! (MOTHER country)

17. Mercantilism Mercantilism: An economic system designed to make monarchs wealthy • System of Government • Absolutism/Absolute Monarchy – “Divine Right” Kings and Queens had full authority. • 1500s Holland, Spain, Portugal, France, England searched globe for attractive business ventures • Two key ingredients for Mercantilism • Colonies • Companies The foundation of mercantilism is * Economic Protectionism*

18. Mercantile Companies

19. Mercantilism Absolutism – “Divine Right” Kings and Queens had full authority. 1500s Spain, Portugal, France, England searched globe for attractive business ventures. Began building colonies, colonized areas under control of powerful trading companies • Hudson’s Bay Company • India Trading Company Colonies provide resources to increase the wealth of the Monarchy of that nation

20. Monopolies were the key • Mercantilism was based upon a system of monopolies Monopoly • When a company has no competition in a market • Consumers can only buy goods and services from one place

21. Mercantilism Monarch • Gives a portion of the profits to the monarch • Gives the monarch power and prestige • Authority to start a company • A monopoly to sell goods Company • Creates jobs for people in the colony • Sells finished products to colonists • Provides raw materials to the company • Gives money for finished products Colony

22. Mercantilism Benefits • Companies had a guaranteed market • Colonies had protection and jobs • Colonists had access to finished goods • Monarchs grew extremely wealthy • Who benefits the most from this arrangement? Disadvantages • Companies had a limited market • Colonists and aboriginals were exploited • Goods were often expensive – limited choice of goods • Colonists were not allowed to start a company or produce finished goods

23. A revolt against Mercantilism American Revolution: 1776 British Colonies in America rebelled against British rule and fought for independence. The revolution was successful and the United States became an independent, self-governing country. What different perspectives might the First People’s have had about the American Revolution?

24. From Mercantilism to Capitalism Mercantilism depended on early merchants to carry out trading ventures for wealth on Monarchy. Successful Merchants accumulated some wealth of their own. Society challenged right to private property Adam Smith – 1723-1790 Promoted economic system with private ownership, free of government control

25. From Mercantilism to Capitalism The end of Absolutism and traditional monarchies allowed Merchants to go into business on their own. Lead to development of Capitalism, Entrepreneurs and the corporation Capitalism: An economic system based on private ownership and individual wealth. Corporation: Company where ownership is shared among several owners by selling shares.

26. Capitalism & the Free Market • Free Market • An economy where the government (or monarch) does not interfere with business activities • Capitalism • An economic system based upon free markets, private ownership, and the profit motive

27. Who has the power… … in a Mercantilist system? • The monarch … in a purely capitalist system? • The companies • Who is looking out for the everyday citizens?

28. Capitalism in Canada mixed • Canada has a __________ economy • The majority of businesses are privately owned • Some businesses are publicly owned • Postal Service • Public transportation • Utilities (ie. In Quebec – but not in Alberta!) • The government acts like a referee • keeps things fair but does not decide which business wins or loses • What is the primary motivation for the Government when it owns a business?

29. Capitalism Said to be foundation of current Globalization Entrepreneurs and personal wealth fueled the Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution: Changed the MEANS OF PRODUCTION The Mechanization of Labour Allowed goods to be mass produced, increasing the demand for trade and new markets.