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Exploring the Rock Cycle: A Comprehensive Guide

Dive into the fascinating world of rocks with this detailed guide on the rock cycle, types of rocks, and the processes that shape them. Understand the formation of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks through engaging visuals and clear explanations. Explore the principles of conservation of matter and the transformation of rocks over time. This comprehensive resource covers key concepts and vocabulary related to rocks and the rock cycle, perfect for students and enthusiasts alike.

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Exploring the Rock Cycle: A Comprehensive Guide

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  1. Table of Contents Chapter: Rocks Section 1: The Rock Cycle Section 2: Igneous Rocks Section 3: Metamorphic Rocks Section 4: Sedimentary Rocks

  2. Chapter 3 Vocabulary • Due on Tuesday 11/18th • Last word is cementation

  3. The Rock Cycle 1 What is a rock?—Common Rocks • A rock is a mixture of minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials. • * Volcanic Glass- is the uncrystallized product of rapidly cooling magma.

  4. 1 The Rock Cycle • It is a model that illustrates the processes that create and change rocks, over time. • During the rock cycle, a rock from any group can change into a rock from another group. • Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary

  5. Rock Cycle

  6. The Rock Cycle Graphic Organizer 1 *Rocks change due to different processes . Weathering and erosion Melting Heat and pressure Cooling Compaction and cementation Different colors to represent the diff. processes

  7. 1 The Rock Cycle Graphic Organizer Sedimentary and igneous rocks can change by heat and pressure to form a metamorphic rock. The metamorphic, sedimentary and igneous rocks can melt to form magma and cool to form an igneous rock.

  8. The Rock Cycle 1 • The igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks can be broken into fragments by weathering and erosion. • The fragments might later compact and cement together to form another sedimentary rock.

  9. The Principle of Conservation of Matter • “In nature, nothing is created nor destroyed” • Anything in nature is transformed into other substances in a never ending cycle

  10. The Rock Cycle 1 Matter and the Rock Cycle The rock cycle illustrates the Principle of Conservation of Matter. • The changes that take place in the rock cycle never destroy or create matter. • The elements are just redistributed in other forms.

  11. Section Review

  12. Table of Contents Chapter: Rocks Section 2: Igneous Rocks

  13. 1)What is magma and why is it forced towards the surface of the Earth? 2)What is the difference between lava and magma? 3)Explain the difference of intrusive and extrusive rocks. 4) Create a graphic organizer to explain the differences between the 3 types of Igneous rocks.( basaltic, granitic and andesitic)

  14. 1)What is magma and why is it forced towards the surface of the Earth? 2)What is the difference between lava and magma?

  15. 2 Formation of Igneous Rocks – ignis ( latin) = fire • *Magma – hot, melted rock material from deep below the Earth’s surface that is expelled from volcanos. • When hot magma cools and hardens, it forms igneousrocks.

  16. Igneous Rocks 2 Magma • Magma is forced upward toward the surface because it is less dense than surrounding solid rock. • When magma reaches Earth’s surface and flows from volcanoes, it is called lava.

  17. Mineral Grains Atoms and compounds in the magma rearrange themselves into new crystals but small in size ( grain) called mineral grains. Rocks form as these mineral grains grow together.

  18. 3)Rocks can be classified in intrusive and extrusive rocks, depending on how they are formed. Explain the difference between intrusive and extrusive rock.

  19. Igneous Rocks 2 Intrusive Rocks • Rocks that form from magma below the surface are called intrusiveigneous rocks. • They cool slowly so they form large mineral grains

  20. Igneous Rocks 2 Extrusive Rocks • Extrusive igneous rocks are formed as lava cools on the surface of Earth. • They cool fast so the mineral grains are small and the rock is fine grained.

  21. 4) Rocks can also be classified by the magma from which they form. Create a graphic organizer to explain the differences between the 3 types of Igneous rocks: basaltic, andesitic, or granitic

  22. Igneous Rocks 2 Basaltic Rocks • Basalticigneous rocks are dense, dark-colored rocks because they form from magma that is rich in iron and magnesium • Basaltic lava is fluid and flows freely from volcanoes in Hawaii, such as Kilauea.

  23. Igneous Rocks 2 Granitic Rocks • Granitic igneous rocks are light-colored rocks. • Granitic magma is thick and stiff and contains lots of silica but lesser amounts of iron and magnesium.

  24. Igneous Rocks 2 Andesitic Rocks • Andesitic igneous rocks have mineral compositions between those of basaltic and granitic rocks.

  25. Rocks can be: • basaltic, granitic and andesitic intrusive • basaltic, granitic and andesitic extrusive • See page 64 Table 1 • Chapter 3 Section 2 Review page 65 1 through 4.

  26. Table of Contents Chapter 3: Rocks Section 3: Metamorphic Rocks Meta and morph, in Greek means to change form You need to know what is in the PPT. – link to PPt on the web page.

  27. Metamorphic Rocks 3 Formation of Metamorphic Rocks • Metamorphic rocks form from igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks. • Heat, pressure, and hot fluids trigger the changes.

  28. Metamorphic Rocks 3 Formation of Metamorphic Rocks • The changes that occur in a rock can be: • in the form of the rock ( from one type of rock to another) • the composition of the rock, or both.

  29. Metamorphic Rocks 3 Formation of Metamorphic Rocks • Rocks beneath the Earth surface are under heat and pressure. • 2 things can happen:

  30. Metamorphic Rocks 3 a) Thru heat and pressure, rocks that do not melt, can suffer changes in their chemical composition and become a metamorphic rocks b) By exposure to heated fluids, the mineral grains can dissolve, mix with these fluids, change composition and recrystallize into metamorphic rocks

  31. Metamorphic Rocks 3 Classifying Metamorphic Rocks • Metamorphic rocks can be classified according to its composition and texture.

  32. Remember: Mineral Grains • Atoms and compounds in the magma rearrange themselves into new crystals, but small in size ( grain like ) called mineral grains. • Rocks form as these mineral grains grow together.

  33. Metamorphic Rocks 3 Foliated Rocks Slate • When mineral grains line up in parallel layers, the metamorphic rock is said to have a foliatedtexture. • Two examples of foliated rocks are slate and gneiss

  34. Foliated: sedimentary shale transforms into metamorphic slate

  35. Foliated Rocks 3 Igneous Granite will turn into Gneiss Foliation in gneiss shows up as alternating light and dark bands.

  36. Nonfoliated Rocks 3 • In some metamorphic rocks, layering does not occur. • The mineral grains grow and rearrange, but they don’t form layers. • This process produces a nonfoliated texture.

  37. Nonfoliated Rocks 3 • Sandstone is a sedimentary rock that’s often composed mostly of quartz grains. It turns into the metamorphic rock quartzite

  38. Metamorphic Rocks 3 Nonfoliated Rocks • the sedimentary rock limestone will transform into marble

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