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Rise and Fall of Napoleon Bonaparte in France's Revolutions

Explore Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power in France, his domestic reforms, the continental system, foreign policy blunders, and the factors that led to his demise.

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Rise and Fall of Napoleon Bonaparte in France's Revolutions

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  1. AP World HistoryPOD #19 – Revolutions in Europe Napoleon Bonaparte

  2. Class Discussion Questions McKay – “The Napoleonic Era, 1799-1815”, pp. 712-718

  3. How did Napoleon Bonaparte rise to power in France? • Achieved fame on the battlefield although his defeat in Egypt reached Paris after he already came to power • Seized power from the Directory through a coup d’etat on November 9, 1799 as he was named first consul of the Republic • He later crowned himself emperor

  4. What domestic reforms were instituted by Napoleon Bonaparte? • Maintained order by giving favors to powerful groups in exchange for loyalty • Napoleonic Civil Code (1804) – reestablished liberty and equality in France – this won him the support of the middle class • Established the privately owned Bank of France • Granted amnesty to many political exiles in exchange for a pledge of loyalty • Used returning political exiles to operate the state bureaucracy and centralized state • Concordat of 1801 – reconciliation with the Catholic Church – allowed the practice of Catholicism in exchange for political power and the right to nominate bishops and put the clergy on the state payroll • Reestablished the idea of family monarchy or a highly patriarchal family unit

  5. What was the continental system? • Napoleon wanted to employ the continental system to make France stronger by limiting British goods in the marketplace

  6. What three foreign policy blunders did Napoleon make? • Blockade of Great Britain – this failed as the British counter-blockade of France was more effective and France faced serious financial difficulties (New World – War of 1812) • War with Spain - resulted from Napoleon’s desire to make Spain a satellite with a member of the Bonaparte Family (Joseph) on the throne – the Spanish rose in popular revolt, using guerilla tactics and drove the French out • War with Russia – resulted from Napoleon’s frustration with the lack of Russian support and enforcement of the continental system – Russia used a burn and retreat battle plan overextending the French supply lines and allowing the Russian winter to destroy the French army of 600,000 – in the end 370,000 died and 200,000 taken prisoner

  7. What factors led to the demise of Napoleon? • Defeat by Great Britain, Russia, and Spain • April 4, 1814 he abdicated his throne and goes into exile on the island of Elba • Hearing of political unrest in France he escaped from Elba in February 1815 • Hundred Days – he returned to fight the Russians, British, et. al. again • Battle of Waterloo (June 18, 1815) – this was the final defeat – he was exiled to the island of St. Helena off the African coast where he later died

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