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Explore the technical innovations of the 19th century that changed the way people saw objects and events. From locomotion studies to chronophotography, discover how photography revolutionized our understanding of time and motion.
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AWQ4MI Mrs. E. Kalinowski History of Photography Part 2:New Ways of Visualizing Time & Space Locomotion, Chronophotography, Colour Photography
Human vision was inadequate… • Technical (photographic) innovations of the 19th century changed the way people saw objects/people • People couldn’t “see” things happening at a fraction of a second…the human eye was inadequate • “spark exposures” at 1/100,000 of a second • An early version of the flash • Made to capture people walking, water dripping
What do these have in common? A railway builder A horse A photographer A scandalous love triangle
Locomotion That’s me! The Bet: does a horse’s feet leave the ground as it runs? 24 camerasfaced the horse racing. Threads connected to electric switcheslay across the race track. Horse raced through, pulled threads, snapshot was taken at 1/2000 of a sec. Eadweard Muybridge, Galloping Horse, Motion Study – Sallie Gardner, 1878 Muybridge accused of killing his wife’s lover, went on trial, acquitted in 1874 of murder, and fled San Francisco until 1877
Locomotion Developed a folding hand camera with a focal-plane shutter that allowed exposures at 1/1000 second Photos of storks nesting & in-flight amazed scientists Improved upon Muybridge’s locomotion studies (faster) and developed photos in motion that could be seen by many at once Ottomar Anschutz, Storks, 1882 Anschutz made photos of projectiles in flight at Krupps Weapons Plant
Eakins (realist painter) met Muybridge (photographer) and they became colleagues/BFFs Used Galloping Horseto influence his painting and teaching in Philadelphia, USA Asked Muybridge to include measurements in his work so artists could replicate it more easily Used wheel/disk camerato record on 1 plate Chronophotography Thomas Eakins, Jesse Godley, 1884 In 1883, Eakins (realist painter) met Muybridge (photographer) and they became colleagues/BFFs
Chronophotography Etienne-Jules Marey, Schenkel, High Jump, 1886 A scientist, physiologist seeking concrete/measurable facts to analyze human/animal movement A mechanical device attached the subject to a wire with a pen. Subject’s movement activated the pen to draw on paperhow the subject moved. Quest: to picture a body’s “all at oneness” to display all moving parts of the body