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Young Bachelor’s Degree Holders Employment Data Analysis

Explore outcomes of young adults with bachelor's degrees using American Community Survey data. Analyze employment trends, educational attainment, earnings, and STEM occupations. Understand the importance of ACS PUMS datasets for accurate estimations.

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Young Bachelor’s Degree Holders Employment Data Analysis

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  1. Employment and Earnings Outcomes for Young Adult Bachelor’s Degree Holders: Findings From the American Community Survey 25th Annual STATS-DC 2012 Data Conference July 12, 2012 Grace Kena William Sonnenberg National Center for Education Statistics

  2. Overview • Background of Analyses • American Community Survey (ACS) and PUMS (Public Use Microdata Sample) Datasets • Uses of ACS PUMS Datasets and Comparisons with Current Population Survey (CPS) Dataset • Selected Employment and Earnings Outcomes Disclaimer: The content of this presentation does not represent the views of the National Center for Education Statistics or of the Institute of Education Sciences.

  3. Background • Indicators on postsecondary outcomes developed as part of Gaps in Access & Persistence Study (GAPS) produced under Congressional mandate and slated for August 2012 release* • educational attainment • labor force participation • median annual earnings, and • employment in STEM occupations *Higher Education Opportunity Act, H.R. 4137, 110th Cong. §1109, 2008

  4. American Community Survey (ACS) • Continuous national survey of the Census Bureau which collects similar data on people and housing as Census 2000 long form. • Sample of housing unit addresses surveyed monthly=> about 3 million addresses each year. • Includes institutionalized and group quarters populations. • Public User Microdata Sample (PUMS) data set: • According to the ACS website, “Microdata are for those users who want to create do-it-yourself tabulations, to be able to further draw on the richness of detail recorded in the ACS.” • PUMS data sets contain about 40% of the full ACS samples. • PUMS data sets are modified to deter individual record identification. • They are available in 1- , 3-, and 5-year varieties. • We used the 1-year PUMS, 2010 data set for GAPS analyses. SOURCE: http://www.census.gov/acs/www/

  5. ACS – WHY USE IT? • To obtain more reliable estimates for relatively small quantities. • Example: Tabulations for small states (e.g., Alaska) or small racial/ethnic groups (Alaskan Natives) • Example: Median earnings for workforce, by state (by race, age, educational attainment, etc.) • 2010, full-time, full-year workers ages 25 to 34: • ACS 1-year sample=177,364 records; • ACS 3-year sample=545,222 records; • Current Population Survey (CPS) Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) sample=16,325 records

  6. ACS – WHY USE IT? • To obtain more reliable estimates for relatively small quantities. • Example: State-level analyses for smaller states • Median annual earnings in 2010 for 25 to 34-year-olds in Alaska who worked full-time and throughout a full year • CPS sample size is 193, ACS 1-year sample size is 312, and ACS 3-year sample size is 879 • Yields median earnings of $38,431 (CPS), $43,741 (ACS 1-year), and $39,665 (ACS 3-year) => ALL valid • BUT: less than High School Attainment yields CPS sample of 4 (no valid estimate), ACS 1-year sample of 16 (no valid estimate), ACS 3-year sample of 43 (valid estimate=>$31,101)

  7. ACS – EXAMPLES OF OTHER USES • Example: Analyses by race at the state level • For Colorado: only 6 Blacks in CPS sample; ACS 1-year sample size is 66 • For Mississippi: only 50 Blacks in CPS sample; ACS 1-year sample size is 518 • With regard to Native Hawaiians: 1-year ACS facilitates analyses in 3 States: • Texas with 47 ACS records vs. CPS with 4, • Utah with 59 records using ACS vs. 6 using CPS, and • Washington state with 89 ACS records vs. 7 with CPS • These are ACS 1-year examples. ACS 3-year yields even more records and more valid cell sizes.

  8. ACS – Distinguishing features of 1-, 3-, and 5-year estimates SOURCE: http://www.census.gov/acs/www/guidance_for_data_users/estimates/

  9. ACS – Differences between ACS and CPS ASEC SOURCE: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/about/datasources/factsheet.html

  10. ACS – PUMS DATASETS • Sample comparison of median earnings for young adults ages 25 to 34 by state using ACS 1-year, ACS 3-year, and CPS (reference Excel handout) • U.S. total=$49,910 (ACS 1-year), $50,000 (ACS 3-year), $47,990 (CPS) • Estimates seem similar enough BUT cell sizes vary widely • 177,364 records (ACS 1-year), 319,660 records (ACS 3-year), 16,325 records (CPS) SOURCE: 2008-2010 ACS 3-year PUMS Accuracy of the Data

  11. Special Focus: Calculating the Median Income • Elementary statistics: median is the value in the middle • Not the same with Census sample data • Steps in the sample algorithm: • Accumulate the weights of all records with the same income • Sum these accumulated totals until you exceed 50% of the sum of all weights • Interpolate between the associated incomes of prior and current subtotals to arrive at the approximated 50th percentile SOURCE: 2008-2010 ACS 3-year PUMS Accuracy of the Data

  12. Selected 2010 Findings on Employment and Median Annual Earnings for Young Adults Ages 25 to 34 with a Bachelor’s or Higher Degree SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  13. Bachelor’s or higher degree attainment by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  14. Bachelor’s or higher degree attainment by nativity status SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  15. Bachelor’s or higher degree attainment by citizenship status SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  16. Employment for bachelor’s degree holders by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  17. Employment for bachelor’s degree holders by nativity status SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  18. Employment for bachelor’s degree holders by citizenship status SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  19. Employment in STEM occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by race/ethnicity and sex Any STEM occupation Race/ethnicity SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  20. Employment in STEM occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by citizenship status Any STEM occupation SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  21. Employment in computer science occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by race/ethnicity and sex Computer scientists SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  22. Employment in engineering and architecture occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  23. Employment in scientist occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by race/ethnicity, and sex Scientists SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  24. Employment in medical professional occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  25. Employment in business and management occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by race/ethnicity and sex Business workers/managers SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  26. Employment in education occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  27. Employment in various occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by citizenship status SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  28. Median earnings by highest level of educational attainment and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  29. Median earnings for computer science majors by race/ethnicity and sex Earnings Computer and information sciences SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  30. Median earnings for engineering majors by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  31. Median earnings for biology/biomedical science majors by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  32. Median earnings for mathematics/statistics majors by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  33. Median earnings for physical sciences majors by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  34. Median earnings for health/clinical science majors by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  35. Median earnings by field of study and citizenship status Earnings Engineering/ engineering technologies Health professions/ clinical sciences Mathematics/statistics Physical sciences Field of study SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  36. GAPS Report (EXPECTED August 2012 Release) For More Information & Additional Resources Questions about Presentation Terris Ross, Ph.D. National Center for Education Statistics Terris.Ross@ed.gov 202.502.7302 http://nces.ed.gov/ Grace Kena National Center for Education Statistics Grace.Kena@ed.gov 202.502.7888 Uses of ACS Data Bill Sonnenberg National Center for Education Statistics William.Sonnenberg@ed.gov 202.502.7453

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