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Fall Hazard Basics for Workplace Safety

Learn about fall hazard prevention, statistics, top violations, and resources. Stay informed to ensure a safe work environment.

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Fall Hazard Basics for Workplace Safety

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  1. Fall Hazard BasicsDavid Olah, Dale Glacken,Kelly Kramer

  2. CAS Material Developed & Distributed This information has been developed by an OSHA Compliance Assistance Specialist and is intended to assist employers, workers, and others as they strive to improve workplace health and safety. While we attempt to thoroughly address specific topics [or hazards], it is not possible to include discussion of everything necessary to ensure a healthy and safe working environment in a presentation of this nature. Thus, this information must be understood as a tool for addressing workplace hazards, rather than an exhaustive statement of an employer’s legal obligations, which are defined by statute, regulations, and standards. Likewise, to the extent that this information references practices or procedures that may enhance health or safety, but which are not required by a statute, regulation, or standard, it cannot, and does not, create additional legal obligations. Finally, over time, OSHA may modify rules and interpretations in light of new technology, information, or circumstances; to keep apprised of such developments, or to review information on a wide range of occupational safety and health topics, you can visit OSHA’s website at www.osha.gov.

  3. Rate of fatal workplace injuries • 1974-2001 data were estimated from BLS Survey of Employers • 2002-2013 data were gathered from BLS Census of Fatal Injuries • In 2006, BLS switched from employment-based calculations to hourly calculations

  4. 5,147 workers died from occupational injuries in 2017. • This number decreased slightly from the 5,190 in 2016. Source: BLS

  5. Fall Prevention Campaign • FALLS are the leading cause of deaths in construction — 39%of all construction fatalities • In 2017, there were 381 fatal falls to a lower level out of 971 construction fatalities • Millions of employers and workers participate in annual NationalSafetyStand-Down to prevent falls events nationwide www.osha.gov/stopfalls

  6. Trend in All Fall Fatalities

  7. March - Electrical April - Struck by May - Fall Prevention June - Caught in/between Toolbox Talks Kit / Resources https://www.osha.gov/dte/outreach/construction/focus_four/index.html

  8. Top 10 ViolationsAll industries Most frequently cited OSHA standards during FY 2018 inspections • Fall Protection – General Requirements (1926.501) • Hazard Communication (1910.1200) • Scaffolding (1926.451) • Respiratory Protection (1910.134) • Lockout/Tagout(1910.147) • Ladders (1926.1053) • Powered Industrial Trucks (1910.178) • Fall Protection – Training Requirements (1926.503) • Machine Guarding (1910.212) • Eye and Face Protection (1926.102) www.osha.gov/Top_Ten_Standards.html

  9. www.osha.gov

  10. Most Frequently Cited Serious Violations GENERAL INDUSTRY FY 2018 OSHA Federal Standards October 1, 2017 – September 30, 2018

  11. Most Frequently Cited Serious Violations in General Industry 2018 Hazard Communication – Written program Machine Guarding – Types of guarding methods Hazard Communication – Information and training Overall 1910 MFC Hazardous Energy Control – Procedures shall be developed Respirators – Medical evaluations 29 CFR 1910 Subparts Hazardous Communication – Maintain copies of SDS’s Machine guarding – Point of operations Respirators – Employer Establishing awritten respirator program Powered Industrial Trucks – Competency training Medical & First Aid – Suitable quick drenching or flushing facility

  12. Walking/Working Surfaces [1910.21 – .30] Fall Protection – Protection from falling 4 feet or more SUBPART D General – Walking-working surfaces are kept clean General – facilitate cleaning General – Workroom floor kept in a dry condition General – Walking-working surfaces are inspected

  13. Powered Platforms, Aerial Lifts, and Vehicle-Mounted Work Platforms [1910.66 – .68] Vehicle Mounted – Personal fall arrest shall be worn SUBPART F Vehicle Mounted – Trained persons only Vehicle Mounted – Employee shall stand firmly on basket floor Vehicle Mounted – Aerial devices acquired on or after July 1, 1975 Vehicle Mounted – Lift control shall be tested

  14. Top Ten Violations in Construction FY 2018 Fall Protection – General Requirements (1926.501) Scaffolding (1926.451) Ladders (1926.1053) Fall Protection – Training (1926.503) Eye and Face Protection (1926.102) General Safety and Health Provisions (1926.20) Head Protection (1926.100) Aerial Lifts (1926.453) Hazard Communication (1910.1200) Fall Protection – Systems Criteria and Practices (1926.502)

  15. Top Ten Violations: FY 2018 (with top 5 sections cited) • 1) 1926.501 - Fall Protection • 1926.501(b)(13) (4,577 violations) – fall protection in residential construction • 1926.501(b)(1) (1,126 violations) – unprotected sides and edges • 1926.501(b)(10) (596 violations) – roofing work on low-slope roofs • 1926.501(b)(11) (429 violations) – steep roofs • 1926.501(b)(4)(i) (117 violations) – protection from falling through holes, including skylights

  16. Top Ten Violations: FY 2018 (with top 5 sections cited) • 2) 1926.451 - Scaffolding • 1926.451(g)(1) (553 violations) – fall protection • 1926.451(e)(1) (413 violations) – providing access • 1926.451(b)(1) (333 violations) – platform construction • 1926.451(g)(1)(vii) (253 violations) – use of personal fall arrest or guardrail systems • 1926.451(c)(2) (147 violations) – foundation for supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights

  17. Top Ten Violations: FY 2018 (with top 5 sections cited) • 3) 1926.1053 - Ladders • 1926.1053(b)(1) (1,605 violations) – extending portable ladder side rails at least 3 feet above upper landing surface • 1926.1053(b)(4) (373 violations) – using ladders only for purpose for which they were designed • 1926.1053(b)(13) (261 violations) – not using the top or top step of a stepladder as a step • 1926.1053(b)(16) (120 violations) – marking or tagging portable ladders with structural defects and removing them from service • 1926.1053(b)(6) (74 violations) – using ladders only on stable and level surfaces unless secured

  18. Top Ten Violations: FY 2018 (with top 5 sections cited) • 4) 1926.503 – Fall Protection, Training • 1926.503(a)(1) (1,286 violations) – training program for each employee who might be exposed to fall hazards • 1926.503(b)(1) (368 violations) – written training certification • 1926.503(c)(3) (113 violations) – retraining required when inadequacies in employee’s knowledge or use of fall protection systems or equipment indicate that the employee has not retained the requisite understanding or skill • 1926.503(a)(2) (85 violations) – training by a competent person qualified in specified areas • 1926.503(a)(2)(iii) (46 violations) – training by a competent person on fall protection to be used, including guardrail, personal fall arrest, safety net, warning line, and safety monitoring systems, and controlled access zones

  19. www.osha.gov We Can Help Top Ten Violations: FY 2018 (with top 5 sections cited) • 6) 1926.20 – General Safety and Health Provisions • 1926.20(b)(2) (510 violations) – inspections of job sites, materials, and equipment by competent persons • 1926.20(b)(1) (447 violations) – accident prevention programs • 1926.20(b)(4) (15 violations) – only employees qualified by training or experience can operate equipment and machinery • 1926.20(b)(3) (6 violations) – tagging/locking controls of unsafe machinery, tools, materials, or equipment, or removing from place of operation • 1926.20(a)(1) (2 violations) – contractor requirements

  20. www.osha.gov We Can Help Top Ten Violations: FY 2018 (with top 5 sections cited) • 7) 1926.100 – Head Protection • 1926.100(a) (956 violations) – employees must wear protective helmets when working in areas with possible danger of head injury from impact, falling or flying objects, or electrical shocks and burns. • Note that this was the only sub-section of 1926.100 with violations. ANSI/ISEA 121-2018 Dropped Objects Prevention Standard

  21. www.osha.gov We Can Help Top Ten Violations: FY 2018 (with top 5 sections cited) • 8) 1926.453 – Aerial Lifts • 1926.453(b)(2)(v) (769 violations) – body belts and lanyards • 1926.453(b)(2)(iv) (92 violations) – prohibition on sitting or climbing on edge of basket or using planks or ladders for a work position • 1926.453(b)(2)(vi) (16 violations) – boom and basket load limits • 1926.453(b)(2)(i) (6 violations) – daily testing of lift controls prior to use • 1926.453(a)(2) (4 violations) – field modification of aerial lifts

  22. www.osha.gov We Can Help Top Ten Violations: FY 2018 (with top 5 sections cited) • 10) 1926.502 – Fall Protection, Systems Criteria and Practices • 1926.502(d)(16)(iii) (94 violations) – rigging of personal fall arrest systems to prevent free fall more than 6 feet or contact with a lower level • 1926.502(d)(15) (92 violations) – anchorages for personal fall arrest systems • 1926.502(d)(17) (57 violations) – attachment points of body belt and harness • 1926.502(i)(4) (46 violations) – color coding or marking of covers • 1926.502(i)(3) (45 violations) – securing covers to prevent accidental displacement by wind, equipment, or employees

  23. Fall Prevention Stand-Down(May 6-10, 2019) • OSHA’s Sixth Annual Stand-Down to Prevent Falls in Construction • Open to any organization in any industry www.osha.gov/StopFallsStandDown

  24. Who Can Participate? Anyone who wants to prevent falls in the workplace can participate in the Stand-Down. In past years, participants included commercial construction companies of all sizes, residential construction contractors, sub- and independent contractors, highway construction companies, general industry employers, the U.S. Military, other government participants, unions, employer's trade associations, institutes, worker interest organizations, and safety equipment manufacturers..

  25. How do You Hold a Stand-Down? • Companies conduct a Safety Stand-Down by stopping work and providing a focused toolbox talk on: Ladders, Scaffolds or Roofs • Equipment inspections • Whatever works in your situation • Stand-Down events can be listed on the OSHA webpage if they are “free” and open to the “public”. Suggestions to Prepare for a Successful "Stand-Down“ http://www.osha.gov/StopFallsStandDown/suggestions.html

  26. OSHA Stand-Down Resources

  27. Falls Can BePrevented PLAN ahead to get the job done safely. PROVIDE the right equipment TRAIN everyone to use the equipment safely

  28. Certificate of Participation Thank you for joining thousands of employers in the 2019 Fall Prevention Stand-Down. This certificate of participation is yours in recognition of the time and effort you devoted to talk about preventing falls with your crew. Of course, every day should be fall prevention day, so I challenge you to build on the steps you took today. I hope you will keep talking to your employees and dedicating yourself to preventing falls at your worksites. Sincerely, Scott Ketcham, Acting Director Directorate of Construction https://www.osha.gov/StopFallsStandDown/certificate.html

  29. OSHA Resources • Webpage, www.osha.gov • Staff Duty Officer • Quick Takes, • Consultation • Compliance Assistance

  30. OSHA Publications www.osha.gov/publications

  31. Help for Small Businesses: Publications www.osha.gov/publications

  32. Spanish-Language Resources • OSHA Webpage • OSHA Poster • Publications • Videos • 800 Number • Dictionaries

  33. www.osha.gov www.osha.gov OSHAQuickTakes • FreeOSHA e-newsletter delivered twice monthly to 200,000 subscribers • Latest news about OSHA initiatives and products to help employers and workers find and prevent workplace hazards • Sign up at www.osha.gov

  34. OSHA Consultation ServiceIndiana University of Pennsylvania • Aimed to help employers who want help in recognizing and correcting safety and health hazards and in improving their safety and health programs. • Free, largely funded by OSHA • Requirement: A commitment to correcting serious safety and health hazards • Confidential, tailored to small business

  35. On-Site Consultation Visits by Industry Sector • Source: FY 2018 On-Site Consultation Report (OIS) generated on November 13, 2018. • Parameters: Private Sector, Opening Conference Date: October 1, 2017 – September 30, 2018. • Totals include 21(d) and 23(g) On-Site Consultation Program data.

  36. On-Site Consultation Visits by CategoryFY 2018 • Source: FY 2018 On-Site Consultation Report (OIS) generated on November 13, 2018. • Parameters: Private Sector, Opening Conference Date: October 1, 2017 – September 30, 2018. • Totals include 21(d) and 23(g) On-Site Consultation Program data.

  37. Size of Employers Receiving Consultation ServicesFY 2018 Total Visits in FY 2018: 26,362 • Source: FY 2018 On-Site Consultation Report (OIS) generated on November 13, 2018. • Parameters: Private Sector, Opening Conference Date: October 1, 2017 – September 30, 2018. • Totals include 21(d) and 23(g) On-Site Consultation Program data.

  38. OSHA Consultation ServiceIndiana University of Pennsylvania • Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program (SHARP) • Contact Information: 1 – 800 – 382 – 1241 www.hhs.iup.edu/sa/osha

  39. OSHA Calendar of EventsActual months have not been selected, stay tuned. • March 2019: • Focus Four Campaign begins: Monthly events: Electrical Safety, Struck By, Fall Prevention, Caught in/between • Third Annual National Ladder Safety Month (2019),American Ladder Institute • April 2018: (Struck By) • 2018: Distracted Driving Awareness Month, (National Safety Council). • April 8-12, 2019: National Roadway Work Zone Awareness Week. • 28 - Workers' Memorial Day (OSHA’s birthday). • May 2018:  (Fall Prevention) • May 6-10, 2019: National Safety Stand-Down to Prevent Falls in Construction. • Informal launch of the Heat Illness Prevention Campaign; “Don’t Fry Day” • June 2019: (Caught in/between) • 2019: National Safety Month (National Safety Council). • June 17-21, 2019: Trench Safety Stand-Down (NUCA) • August 2018: Safe + Sound Week.

  40. Pennsylvania OSHA Area Offices Allentown Area Office (267) 429-7542 Erie Area Office (814) 874-5150 Harrisburg Area Office (717) 782-3902 Philadelphia Area Office (215) 597-4955 Pittsburgh Area Office (412) 395-4903 Wilkes-Barre Area Office (570) 826-6538 Mark Stelmack Brendan Claybaugh Jean Kulp Dave Olah Theresa Downs Christopher Robinson Main OSHA Number: 1-800-321-OSHA, 1-800-321-6742 Rev: 2014 April 4

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