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What is the EVIDENCE that all life evolved from a common ancestor?

This text discusses various pieces of evidence supporting the theory of common ancestry and evolution, including transitional fossils, similar cell structures, shared DNA, and similarities in embryos and homologous structures.

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What is the EVIDENCE that all life evolved from a common ancestor?

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  1. What is the EVIDENCE that all life evolved from a common ancestor? Part 2

  2. Evidence that life slowly EVOLVES from an earlier species (common ancestor): • TRANSITIONAL FOSSILS—shows slow gradual change of a species over a LONG time! • CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among ALL living things • DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. • EMBRYOS— http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/guess-embryo.html

  3. On the back of your warm-up make the following list: • HUMAN • DOLPHIN • OWL • HORSE • PIG • CAT • ELEPHANT • MINK • BAT • TURTLE

  4. Try to match the following embryos to the right creatures below… • HUMAN • DOLPHIN • OWL • HORSE • PIG • CAT • ELEPHANT • MINK • BAT • TURTLE

  5. A. • pig

  6. B. • turtle

  7. C. bat

  8. D. • cat

  9. E. • elephant

  10. F. • owl

  11. G. • mink

  12. H. • dolphin

  13. I. • human

  14. J. • horse

  15. A. • pig

  16. B. • turtle

  17. C. bat

  18. D. • cat

  19. E. • elephant

  20. F. • owl

  21. G. • mink

  22. H. • dolphin

  23. I. • human

  24. J. • horse

  25. Why is This is hard to get right?

  26. Evidence that life slowly EVOLVES from an earlier species (common ancestor): • TRANSITIONAL FOSSILS—shows slow gradual change of a species over a LONG time! • CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among ALL living things • DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. • EMBRYOS—So much life start out looking the same way! http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/guess-embryo.html

  27. NEXT….

  28. HOMOZYGOUS: HOMOGENOUS • SAME LOOK THROUGHOUT : SAME LOOK ON THE OUTSIDE • SAME LOOK THROUGHOUT : SAME GENES • SAME GENES: SAME LOOK THROUGHOUT • SAME GENES : SAME GROUP on the PERIODIC TABLE

  29. PHENOTYPE versus GENOTYPE!!! • ALLELES…

  30. HOMOZYGOUS: HOMOGENOUS • SAME LOOK THROUGHOUT : SAME LOOK ON THE OUTSIDE • SAME LOOK THROUGHOUT : SAME GENES • SAME GENES: SAME LOOK THROUGHOUT • SAME GENES : SAME GROUP on the PERIODIC TABLE

  31. Evidence that life EVOLVES from an earlier species (common ancestor): • TRANSITIONAL FOSSILS—shows slow gradual change of a species over a LONG time! • CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among ALL living things • DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. • EMBRYOS—So much life start out looking the same way! • HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES--

  32. “HOMO” means “SAME” HOMOgenous mixtures are like pudding and kool aid!

  33. show the fish from 8/2011

  34. Evidence that life slowly EVOLVES from an earlier species (common ancestor): • TRANSITIONAL FOSSILS—shows slow gradual change of a species over a LONG time! • CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among ALL living things • DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. • EMBRYOS—we all start out life looking the same way! • HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES--physical structures SO SIMILAR that they strongly indicate a common ancestor

  35. HOMOlogous FINGER structures…

  36. HOMOlogous ARM BONE structures….

  37. Evidence that life EVOLVES from an earlier species (common ancestor): • TRANSITIONAL FOSSILS—shows slow gradual change of a species over a LONG time! • CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among ALL living things • DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. • EMBRYOS—we all start out life looking the same way! • HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES--physical structures SO SIMILARthat they strongly indicate a common ancestor

  38. HOMOLOGOUS IS NOT ANALOGOUS! What are analogies? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FtNm9CgA6U

  39. ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES share a SIMILAR PURPOSE, but are STRUCTURED & OPERATE DIFFERENTLY!

  40. ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES share a SIMILAR PURPOSE, but are STRUCTURED & OPERATE DIFFERENTLY! • Both cat whiskers and bug antennae are helpful for these living things to sense their environment, but are structured & operate differently.

  41. ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES share a SIMILAR PURPOSE, but are STRUCTURED & OPERATE DIFFERENTLY! • Both cat whiskers and bug antennae are helpful for these living things to sense their environment, but are structured differently.

  42. Compare bird wings to insect wings. Would you say they are homologous or analogous structures? • ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES DO THE SAME THING BUT ARE STRUCTURALLY DIFFERENT!

  43. Compare bird wings to insect wings. Analogous structures? • ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES DO THE SAME THING BUT ARE STRUCTURALLY DIFFERENT!

  44. homologous or analogous structure??? INSECT EYES MAMMAL EYES

  45. homologous or analogous structure??? INSECT EYES MAMMAL EYES

  46. homologous or analogous structure??? PENGUIN FINS FISH FINS

  47. homologous or analogous structure??? PENGUIN FINS FISH FINS

  48. homologous or analogous structure??? HUMAN KIDNEYS DOLPHIN KIDNEYS

  49. homologous or analogous structure??? HUMAN KIDNEYS DOLPHIN KIDNEYS

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